A tooth abscess is a localized collection of pus caused by a bacterial infection. It can form at the tip of a tooth’s root (periapical abscess) or in the gums beside a tooth (periodontal abscess). Abscesses develop when bacteria invade a tooth, often through a cavity or crack, or when gum disease allows bacteria to accumulate. Pus forms from the accumulation of white blood cells fighting the infection.
What Happens When a Tooth Abscess Bursts
When a tooth abscess bursts, individuals often experience a sudden release of pressure, which can provide immediate relief from intense pain. This relief is accompanied by a rush of foul-tasting fluid in the mouth. The discharge consists of pus, which is a mixture of dead white blood cells, bacteria, fluid, and tissue debris.
While the bursting of an abscess might feel like the problem is resolved due to the reduction in pain, it is important to understand that the underlying bacterial infection has not been eliminated. The opening created by the burst allows the pus to drain, alleviating pressure, but the source of the infection remains within the oral tissues. This temporary relief can be misleading, as the bacteria are still present and can continue to cause harm if left untreated.
Immediate Actions to Take
Immediately after a tooth abscess bursts, rinse your mouth gently with warm saltwater. This helps cleanse the area, remove the foul-tasting pus, and reduce bacteria in the mouth. Mix about half a teaspoon of salt in a cup of warm water and swish it around the affected area for 30 seconds before spitting it out.
If there is any minor bleeding from the burst site, apply gentle pressure with a clean gauze or cloth to help stop it. Over-the-counter pain relievers, such as ibuprofen or acetaminophen, can help manage any discomfort that remains after the pressure is relieved. Avoiding certain foods, particularly those that are hot, cold, or hard, can also help prevent irritation to the affected area.
Why Professional Dental Care is Still Essential
Despite the temporary relief experienced when a tooth abscess bursts, seeking professional dental care remains important. The bursting of the abscess addresses only the symptom of pressure and pus accumulation, not the root cause of the bacterial infection. The bacteria that caused the abscess are still present and will continue to pose a threat if not properly addressed.
A dentist will conduct a thorough examination, which may include X-rays, to accurately diagnose the extent of the infection and identify its source. Treatment options vary depending on the severity and location of the abscess. These can include draining any remaining infection, performing a root canal to remove infected pulp from inside the tooth, or in some cases, extracting the affected tooth. Antibiotics may also be prescribed to help control the bacterial infection, especially if it has started to spread.
Serious Consequences of Delaying Treatment
Delaying professional treatment after a tooth abscess bursts can lead to significant complications. The localized infection can spread to other areas of the body, potentially causing more widespread health problems. Bacteria from the untreated abscess can travel to the jawbone, neck, or even into the bloodstream, a condition known as sepsis, which can be life-threatening.
The infection can spread to distant sites, leading to conditions such as a brain abscess or an inflammation of the heart’s inner lining (endocarditis). Bone loss in the jaw can occur around the affected tooth, and damage to adjacent teeth is also possible. New abscesses may form if the original source of infection is not eradicated, indicating that while the initial pain subsided, the underlying issue continues to fester.