Monstera and “Split-Leaf Philodendron” are frequently confused, often used interchangeably or mislabeled. Despite visual similarities, these are distinct plants with unique characteristics.
Why the Confusion
The widespread confusion stems from the superficial resemblance between Monstera deliciosa and Thaumatophyllum bipinnatifidum. Both plants feature expansive, deeply lobed or split foliage, which creates a similar tropical aesthetic. The common name “Split-Leaf Philodendron” is frequently, and incorrectly, applied to Monstera deliciosa, further blurring the lines for many growers. This misnomer persists due to their shared family lineage, the Araceae.
Key Distinguishing Features
Leaf Appearance
The leaves of Monstera deliciosa develop true holes, known as fenestrations, in addition to deep splits as they mature. New Monstera leaves typically emerge rolled and unfurl, often appearing solid before developing their characteristic perforations and splits as they age. In contrast, Thaumatophyllum bipinnatifidum leaves are deeply lobed or “split” from the edges towards the central vein, but they do not form true holes within the leaf blade. These leaves have a more feathery or deeply dissected appearance.
Growth Habits
Monstera deliciosa exhibits a vining growth habit, actively climbing trees and other structures, utilizing aerial roots to attach itself and ascend towards light. This plant requires vertical support to achieve its mature form and produce larger, more fenestrated leaves. Conversely, Thaumatophyllum bipinnatifidum is a self-heading, arborescent plant, meaning it develops an upright, tree-like trunk over time. It grows outward and upward, forming a bushy, expansive silhouette rather than a climbing vine.
Root Systems
Monstera deliciosa is characterized by its prominent, thick aerial roots that emerge from its nodes. These roots primarily anchor the plant to climbing surfaces and absorb moisture and nutrients directly from the air. They are a natural and functional part of the plant’s climbing strategy. Thaumatophyllum bipinnatifidum also produces adventitious roots from its trunk as it matures. These roots are generally thicker and provide basal support, contributing to its tree-like structure rather than actively seeking out climbing surfaces in the same manner as Monstera.
Mature Plant Form and Size
As a vining climber, Monstera deliciosa can reach considerable heights when provided with adequate support, spreading its large, fenestrated leaves broadly. Indoors, it can grow to 10 feet or more. Thaumatophyllum bipinnatifidum, with its self-heading growth, develops a substantial woody trunk over time, eventually resembling a small tree or large shrub. While it does not climb, it can still become quite large, reaching up to 6-8 feet tall and 8-10 feet wide indoors.
Flowering and Fruit
Both plants produce inflorescences typical of the Araceae family, consisting of a spadix enclosed by a spathe. Monstera deliciosa produces an edible fruit resembling a green ear of maize covered in hexagonal scales; when fully ripe, this fruit has a sweet taste often compared to a blend of pineapple and banana. Thaumatophyllum bipinnatifidum also flowers, producing a white spadix and spathe. Its infructescence consists of a cluster of berries that ripen to white or yellow, which are not typically consumed. Flowering in Thaumatophyllum can take 15-20 years indoors.
Botanical Classification Explained
Despite common confusion, Monstera and Philodendron are distinct genera within the Araceae family. The plant commonly referred to as “Split-Leaf Philodendron” was historically classified as Philodendron bipinnatifidum or Philodendron selloum. Botanical reclassification occurred in 2018, moving this plant into its own genus, Thaumatophyllum. It is now scientifically known as Thaumatophyllum bipinnatifidum.
Choosing the Right Plant for You
Understanding the differences between Monstera deliciosa and Thaumatophyllum bipinnatifidum helps in selecting the plant that best suits your space. If you desire a vining plant that will climb and develop holes in its leaves, Monstera deliciosa is the appropriate choice, requiring vertical support. If a large, self-supporting, tree-like shrub with deeply lobed leaves is more appealing, Thaumatophyllum bipinnatifidum will fit that vision. Considering their mature size and growth habits ensures you can provide the ideal environment for your chosen plant to thrive.