Arkansas, often called “The Natural State,” is rich in biodiversity. Its varied geography, encompassing the Ouachita and Ozark Mountains, extensive forests, and numerous wetlands and waterways, creates diverse ecosystems that support a wide array of wildlife. The state actively works to preserve its natural heritage, ensuring these species can thrive.
Arkansas’s Diverse Mammals
Arkansas is home to a wide range of mammalian species, from large forest dwellers to smaller, adaptable creatures. White-tailed deer are common throughout the state, found in forested areas and their edges. Black bears, once nearly extirpated, have seen a significant recovery, with populations primarily concentrated in the Ozark Highlands, the Ouachita National Forest, and the lower White River basin. These omnivorous animals prefer rugged, isolated territories with abundant food sources like acorns, hickory nuts, and berries.
Bobcats, adaptable and elusive predators, inhabit woodlands, swamps, and mountainous regions. They are sighted near forested areas and can venture into suburban environments where small prey like rodents, rabbits, and squirrels are plentiful. Coyotes are found in every county, thriving near forest edges, farmlands, pastures, and even within towns and cities. They are opportunistic feeders, primarily consuming meat.
Smaller mammals like raccoons and opossums are highly adaptable, frequently encountered in rural and urban settings. Squirrels and rabbits are widespread, inhabiting various environments from forests to backyards. Bats can be found across the state, utilizing caves, tree cavities, and human structures for roosting.
Birds of the Sky and Waterways
Arkansas’s skies and waters are vibrant with diverse birdlife, including both resident and migratory species. Over 400 bird species have been recorded in the state, with about 350 found regularly. The bald eagle, a symbol of conservation success, has regained a stable population in Arkansas. They are spotted near open bodies of water like lakes and rivers, hunting for fish. While some eagles reside year-round, many migrate from northern states and Canada to Arkansas during winter, with peak viewing from December to February.
Songbirds like the northern cardinal, known for its bright red plumage, and the blue jay, with its distinctive calls and blue, white, and black feathers, are common backyard visitors found in forests, gardens, and urban areas. The northern mockingbird, Arkansas’s state bird, is also widespread, known for its ability to mimic other bird calls. Waterfowl, including ducks and geese, frequent the state’s lakes, rivers, and wetlands, particularly during migration. These aquatic environments provide crucial stopover points and wintering grounds for many migratory birds.
Reptiles, Amphibians, and Aquatic Animals
Arkansas’s aquatic and terrestrial habitats support a wide array of cold-blooded creatures. The state is home to approximately 45 species of snakes, most of which are not venomous. Lizards are also common, with 13 species found, including skinks, collared lizards, and the swift six-lined racerunner, which can reach speeds of up to 18 miles per hour. Various turtles inhabit Arkansas’s waters and land, such as the common snapping turtle, found in marshes, lakes, and rivers, and the three-toed box turtle, a land-dwelling species found statewide in grasslands and woodlands.
Amphibians, including 25 species of frogs and toads and 32 species of newts and salamanders, thrive in Arkansas’s wet environments. The American bullfrog, North America’s largest frog, can be found in permanent bodies of water like swamps, ponds, and lakes. Salamanders, such as the common mudpuppy and the eastern tiger salamander, inhabit various aquatic and woodland areas. Some salamander species, like the Ozark hellbender and three-toed amphiuma, are permanently aquatic. Arkansas’s rivers and lakes are also home to fish species, including popular game fish like bass, catfish, and crappie.
Coexisting with Arkansas Wildlife
Understanding and respecting Arkansas’s wildlife is important for safe interactions. When encountering wild animals, maintaining a respectful distance is advised to avoid disturbing them or provoking a defensive reaction. Feeding wild animals can alter their natural behaviors and lead to dependence on human-provided food, which can be detrimental to their health and survival. Securing trash in wildlife-resistant containers helps prevent animals, particularly adaptable species like raccoons and bears, from becoming habituated to human food.
Being aware of surroundings, especially when exploring natural areas, can help prevent unexpected encounters. Hikers in bear country are advised to make noise to alert bears to their presence, reducing the chance of a surprise encounter. Supporting conservation efforts and respecting wildlife habitats contributes to the long-term well-being of Arkansas’s animal populations.