A wasp sting typically results in a sudden, sharp pain followed by a burning sensation at the site of impact. This immediate discomfort often progresses to localized reactions, including redness, swelling, and itching around the stung area.
Immediate Care Steps
Move away from the area where you were stung to avoid further stings, as wasps can sting multiple times and do not leave their stinger behind like honey bees. Gently wash the affected skin with soap and water to cleanse the area, removing any residual venom and lowering the risk of bacterial infection. Next, apply a cold compress or an ice pack, wrapped in a cloth, to the sting site for 10 to 20 minutes, repeating this every hour as needed. This cold application helps to constrict blood vessels, which can effectively reduce swelling and numb the pain. If the sting is on an arm or leg, elevating the limb can also aid in diminishing swelling.
Common Home Remedies
A paste made from baking soda and water can be applied to the sting; mix about three parts baking soda to one part water to create a thick, spreadable consistency, then apply it to the affected area for 15 to 20 minutes to help reduce pain, itching, and swelling. Apple cider vinegar, known for its acidity, may help neutralize the alkaline compounds in wasp venom; soak a cotton ball or tissue in apple cider vinegar and apply it with gentle pressure to the sting. Another option is honey, which can be applied in a small amount to the sting and covered with a loose bandage for up to an hour, as it is believed to possess anti-inflammatory and wound-healing properties.
Over-the-Counter Treatments
Topical creams such as 0.5% or 1% hydrocortisone can be applied to alleviate itching, redness, and inflammation at the sting site. Calamine lotion offers a soothing effect and can help reduce irritation and itching. Oral antihistamines, like diphenhydramine, can be taken to lessen widespread itching and swelling, though some formulations may cause drowsiness. Non-drowsy antihistamine options, such as loratadine or cetirizine, are also available for similar relief. Additionally, pain relievers like ibuprofen or acetaminophen can be used to manage pain and reduce inflammation associated with the sting.
When to Seek Professional Medical Care
A severe allergic reaction, known as anaphylaxis, is a medical emergency characterized by symptoms such as difficulty breathing, wheezing, or tightness in the throat or chest. Other signs include widespread hives or a rash on areas not near the sting, swelling of the face, lips, or tongue, dizziness, lightheadedness, or a sudden drop in blood pressure. Nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, or a rapid heart rate can also indicate a severe reaction.
Medical care is also advised if you receive multiple stings, particularly ten to twenty or more, or if a sting occurs in sensitive areas like the mouth, nose, throat, or eyes, as swelling in these locations can quickly obstruct airways or vision. Look for signs of infection developing days after the sting, such as increased redness, swelling, warmth, pain, or pus discharge. If symptoms worsen over time or do not show improvement within a few days, consulting a healthcare provider is recommended.