Upset stomach and nausea are common conditions causing discomfort in the digestive system. An upset stomach, or indigestion, can manifest as bloating, gas, or a mild abdominal ache. Nausea is an unpleasant feeling in the throat and stomach that often precedes vomiting. These symptoms can arise from various causes, including dietary indiscretions, infections, or motion sickness.
Over-the-Counter Options
OTC medications can relieve upset stomach and nausea by targeting specific symptoms. Bismuth subsalicylate (e.g., Pepto-Bismol) coats the stomach lining, reduces inflammation, and acts as a mild antacid. It also has antibacterial properties. Follow dosage instructions; it can cause temporary darkening of the tongue and stool.
Antacids (e.g., calcium carbonate, magnesium hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide) neutralize stomach acid to alleviate heartburn and indigestion. They provide quick relief from acid-related discomfort like sour stomach or acid reflux. While generally safe, excessive use can lead to constipation (aluminum, calcium) or diarrhea (magnesium).
For nausea and vomiting, especially motion sickness, antihistamines like dimenhydrinate (Dramamine) or meclizine (Bonine) are often effective. Dimenhydrinate blocks histamine receptors in the brain’s vomiting center, reducing nausea. Drowsiness is a common side effect, so use caution when operating machinery or driving.
Home and Natural Remedies
Home and natural remedies can soothe an upset stomach and alleviate nausea, particularly in milder cases. Ginger, consumed as tea, chews, or supplements, is recognized for its antiemetic properties, calming the digestive tract and reducing nausea. Its compounds interact with serotonin receptors in the gut and brain, regulating nausea.
Peppermint, consumed as tea or inhaled through essential oils, can relax gastrointestinal muscles, alleviating spasms and discomfort. The active compound, menthol, contributes to its calming effects on the stomach. Drinking clear liquids (water, diluted fruit juice, electrolyte solutions) prevents dehydration, especially with vomiting or diarrhea.
Bland foods, like the BRAT diet (bananas, rice, applesauce, toast), are easily digestible and less likely to irritate a sensitive stomach. Bananas provide potassium, which can be depleted during vomiting, while rice and toast offer simple carbohydrates that are gentle on the digestive system. Resting allows the body to conserve energy and focus on recovery, which is beneficial during digestive distress.
When to Seek Medical Attention
While many cases of upset stomach and nausea resolve with self-care, certain symptoms warrant medical attention. Severe abdominal pain, especially if sudden or localized, could indicate a serious underlying condition. Persistent vomiting (over 24-48 hours), or if it contains blood (resembling coffee grounds) or bile, requires immediate evaluation.
Signs of dehydration (reduced urination, extreme thirst, dry mouth, dizziness, lightheadedness) indicate a need for medical assessment. A high fever (above 102°F/39°C) accompanying digestive symptoms can signal an infection requiring treatment. Inability to keep liquids down, or symptoms that worsen or do not improve after a few days of home care, should prompt a visit to a healthcare provider.