A boil, medically known as a furuncle, is a common skin infection that begins in a hair follicle or oil gland. It appears as a painful, red, pus-filled lump that forms under the skin. These infections are typically caused by bacteria, most often Staphylococcus aureus, which can enter the skin through small cuts or abrasions.
Home Applications to Encourage Drainage
Applying warm compresses is a primary home method to encourage a boil to drain. The warmth helps increase blood circulation to the affected area, which brings more immune cells to fight the infection and promotes the formation and movement of pus towards the skin’s surface. Applying a warm, moist cloth to the boil for 10 to 20 minutes, three to four times daily, is beneficial.
Another option is ichthammol ointment, sometimes called “drawing salve,” which is applied topically to the boil. This ointment helps soften the skin and draw out impurities, facilitating the boil’s rupture and drainage. Ichthammol has anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties and inhibits enzymes involved in inflammation.
Epsom salt soaks can also be helpful; dissolving Epsom salt in warm water and soaking the affected area may reduce inflammation and promote fluid drainage. The salts act as a natural antiseptic and aid in drying out the boil.
Tea tree oil, known for its antibacterial and antiseptic properties, can be used after proper dilution. Dilute tea tree oil with a carrier oil, such as coconut or olive oil, before applying it to the skin to prevent irritation. A common dilution ratio is five drops of tea tree oil mixed with a teaspoon of carrier oil, applied gently to the boil with a cotton swab two to three times per day.
Proper Care and Hygiene
Maintaining cleanliness around the boil is important to prevent the spread of infection and promote healing. Before and after touching the boil or applying any treatment, thoroughly wash your hands with soap and water. This minimizes the risk of introducing new bacteria or spreading existing ones.
When applying a warm compress, ensure the cloth is clean and warm, not scalding hot, to avoid skin burns. After each application, dispose of the used compress or wash it thoroughly. Resist the urge to squeeze, pick, or try to pop the boil, as this can push the infection deeper into the skin, worsen inflammation, and lead to complications or scarring.
If the boil spontaneously drains, gently clean the area with mild soap and water. After cleaning, cover the drained boil with a sterile bandage or gauze to protect the open wound from further infection. Change the dressing regularly, especially if it becomes soiled or wet, to maintain a clean healing environment.
When Professional Help is Needed
Many boils resolve with home care. However, certain signs indicate professional medical attention is necessary. If a boil does not drain after a week of consistent home treatment, or if it continues to grow in size, consult a healthcare provider. Seek medical help if the boil is accompanied by severe pain, increasing redness, or significant swelling that spreads beyond the immediate area.
Fever, chills, or red streaks extending from the boil can signal a widespread infection, such as cellulitis, requiring prompt medical evaluation. Boils located on the face, especially near the nose or eyes, or on the spine, are higher risk due to their proximity to sensitive areas and potential complications. Individuals with compromised immune systems, such as those with diabetes, HIV, or those undergoing chemotherapy, should also seek medical attention for any boil, as their bodies may struggle to fight infection effectively.