The strawberry hedgehog fungus, scientifically known as Hydnellum peckii, is a visually striking organism. It has garnered several evocative common names, including bleeding tooth fungus, strawberries and cream, and Devil’s tooth, inspired by its curious and startling appearance.
Identifying the Strawberry Hedgehog
Identifying Hydnellum peckii involves observing key physical characteristics. The cap typically ranges from whitish to pinkish-brown, often exhibiting an irregular or velvety texture. As it matures, the cap can flatten or become somewhat funnel-shaped, sometimes with a white margin.
The underside of the cap presents its most distinctive feature: numerous tooth-like spines rather than gills or pores. These spines, which are usually slender and less than 5 mm long, are where the spores are produced and released. Young, moist specimens often exude bright red, viscous droplets from these spines, creating the “bleeding” appearance that gives the fungus many of its common names. The stem supporting the cap is generally short, thick, and can be irregular in shape, sometimes fusing with other nearby fruit bodies.
Where to Find Strawberry Hedgehogs
The strawberry hedgehog fungus is primarily found in coniferous forests, forming a close association with various conifer species. It often grows on the ground, nestled among mosses or pine needle litter, and occasionally appears to grow on decaying wood. This fungus thrives in moist, often acidic soil conditions typical of these forest ecosystems.
Geographically, Hydnellum peckii has a wide distribution across the Northern Hemisphere. It is commonly observed in North America, particularly abundant in the Pacific Northwest, and is also found throughout Europe. Recent discoveries have expanded its known range to parts of Asia, including Iran and Korea.
Edibility and Safety Concerns
Hydnellum peckii is considered inedible due to its extremely bitter taste, making it unpalatable. While not lethally poisonous, ingesting the fungus can lead to mild gastrointestinal upset. Its strong, peppery bitterness serves as a natural deterrent.
The strawberry hedgehog fungus should not be eaten. Its unpalatable flavor and potential for digestive discomfort are the primary reasons. Foraging for this fungus is best for observation and appreciation of its unique characteristics, not for culinary purposes.
Unique Characteristics and Ecological Importance
The striking “bleeding” phenomenon observed in young Hydnellum peckii specimens is a process called guttation. This involves the excretion of excess water droplets from the fungal tissue, common during rapid growth. The red color of these droplets is attributed to the presence of a pigment known as atromentin, with anticoagulant and antibacterial properties. This unique exudate may serve various functions, such as defense against pests or the excretion of metabolic waste.
Hydnellum peckii plays a significant role in forest ecosystems through its mycorrhizal relationship with coniferous trees. This symbiotic association is mutually beneficial; the fungus assists the tree by enhancing its absorption of water, minerals, and amino acids from the soil. In return, the tree provides the fungus with sugars produced through photosynthesis. This connection highlights its importance in nutrient cycling and overall forest health.