Akkermansia muciniphila is a bacterium in the human gut that has gained scientific and public interest for its relationship with the intestinal lining and health. The growing awareness of its functions has led to the development of supplements containing this microbe. This article explores the role of Akkermansia, the types of supplements available, and natural methods for its support.
The Role of Akkermansia in Gut Health
Akkermansia muciniphila lives in the mucus layer that lines the intestines. This protective layer acts as a barrier between the microbes in the gut and the body’s intestinal cells. Akkermansia uses mucin, the main protein in this mucus, as its primary food source. This consumption stimulates goblet cells to produce more mucus, which helps maintain the thickness of this protective lining.
A well-maintained gut barrier is important for overall health, as it regulates what gets absorbed into the bloodstream. When this barrier is robust, it helps prevent unwanted bacterial components from passing through. The activity of Akkermansia contributes to this barrier function by reinforcing the mucus layer and influencing the tight junctions between intestinal cells.
Beyond its structural role, the presence of Akkermansia is linked to metabolic processes. Research has shown an association between lower levels of this bacterium and conditions such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. When Akkermansia breaks down mucin, it produces short-chain fatty acids, such as acetate and propionate, which can be used as an energy source. These metabolites help modulate immune responses and support metabolic balance.
Understanding Akkermansia Supplements
Interest in Akkermansia has resulted in supplements, available in two primary forms: live probiotic and heat-inactivated, or pasteurized, postbiotic. A live probiotic contains viable bacteria intended to colonize the gut. A postbiotic consists of non-viable bacteria or their components that still provide a health benefit.
Unlike many traditional probiotics where viability is the primary measure of effectiveness, pasteurized Akkermansia has been shown to be effective. The pasteurization process inactivates the bacteria but preserves key structures on the bacterium’s outer membrane. One specific protein, Amuc_1100, remains intact and can interact with receptors in the gut lining.
Both live and pasteurized forms can be effective, though they may act through different pathways. Some human studies suggest the pasteurized form can produce more pronounced effects on certain metabolic markers, like improving insulin sensitivity. The pasteurized form is often more stable and easier to formulate, as it does not require a completely oxygen-free environment.
How to Choose a Quality Supplement
When selecting an Akkermansia supplement, look for evidence of third-party testing or adherence to Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP). These certifications provide assurance that the product contains what is listed on the label and is free from contaminants. Reputable brands often make their certificates of analysis available.
The supplement facts panel provides information about the specific strain and dosage. For Akkermansia, the most studied strain is Akkermansia muciniphila MucT. The dose is presented differently depending on the form. Live probiotics are typically measured in Colony-Forming Units (CFUs), while pasteurized products list the total number of bacterial cells.
Check for other ingredients, such as fillers, binders, or potential allergens. Some formulations include prebiotics like inulin, which are fibers that can help feed beneficial bacteria but may not be suitable for everyone. Some products use acid-resistant capsules designed to protect the contents from stomach acid.
Natural Ways to Support Akkermansia Levels
Dietary choices can influence the abundance of Akkermansia in the gut. This bacterium is not found in foods, as it is an anaerobe that cannot survive in oxygen-rich environments. However, certain dietary compounds can encourage its growth, particularly polyphenols from many plant foods.
Specific foods rich in these compounds have been associated with higher levels of the bacterium. These include cranberries, pomegranates, grapes, and the catechins found in green tea. These polyphenols are not fully absorbed in the small intestine, allowing them to travel to the colon where they can be utilized by microbes like Akkermansia.
A diet rich in diverse sources of fiber also supports a healthy gut microbiome, which can benefit Akkermansia. Prebiotic fibers, found in foods like onions, garlic, and leeks, serve as fuel for many beneficial bacteria. Promoting a balanced microbial community helps maintain an ecosystem where Akkermansia can thrive.