An upset stomach is common in children. Parents seek effective ways to provide comfort and promote recovery. Understanding appropriate care methods can help alleviate discomfort and support a child’s return to health.
Prioritizing Hydration
Maintaining proper hydration is a primary concern when a child has an upset stomach. Vomiting and diarrhea can lead to significant fluid loss, making dehydration prevention crucial. Oral rehydration solutions (ORS), such as Pedialyte or Enfalyte, are formulated to replace lost fluids and electrolytes. They offer a balanced mix of water, salts, and sugars that the body can readily absorb, making them more effective than plain water or sugary drinks for restoring electrolyte balance.
Offer ORS in small, frequent amounts, especially after vomiting. For infants, a teaspoon (5 mL) every few minutes is a good starting point; older children might tolerate a tablespoon (15 mL) at similar intervals. Gradually increase the amount as tolerated to ensure sufficient fluids without overwhelming their stomach. Continue offering these solutions even as symptoms improve to replenish fluids.
Avoid certain fluids that can worsen symptoms or hinder recovery. Undiluted fruit juices, sodas, and sports drinks contain high sugar concentrations that can exacerbate diarrhea. Plain water is not ideal for infants under six months experiencing vomiting or diarrhea, as they require the specific electrolyte balance found in ORS. Caffeinated beverages also act as diuretics, leading to further fluid loss.
Gentle Foods for Recovery
Once a child tolerates fluids, introduce bland, easily digestible foods. The BRAT diet (Bananas, Rice, Applesauce, Toast) is a traditional starting point due to its low fiber and binding properties that help firm stools. Bananas provide potassium, often depleted during illness. Plain white rice and toast are simple carbohydrates gentle on the digestive system. Applesauce offers natural sugars and pectin, which may aid digestion.
As the child’s stomach settles, gradually introduce other gentle foods. Plain crackers, boiled potatoes, and plain pasta without heavy sauces provide easily digestible carbohydrates. Clear broths, like chicken or vegetable broth, offer nutrients and additional fluids. Lean proteins, such as plain baked chicken or turkey, can be added as the child’s appetite returns and their digestive system improves.
Avoid foods difficult to digest or irritating to a sensitive stomach during recovery. Greasy, fried, or highly spicy foods can cause indigestion and worsen nausea. High-fiber foods, like raw vegetables or whole grains, can be challenging for a recovering digestive system. Very sweet foods, including candies and pastries, may contribute to diarrhea. Reintroduce foods slowly and observe the child’s tolerance to prevent symptom relapse.
Safe Over-the-Counter Options
Some over-the-counter (OTC) medications can manage symptoms like fever or pain when a child has an upset stomach. Acetaminophen (Tylenol) or ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin) can be given for fever or mild discomfort. Follow age and weight-appropriate dosing instructions precisely, using the provided measuring device for accurate dosage. Never give aspirin to children due to the risk of Reye’s syndrome, a serious condition affecting the brain and liver.
Anti-diarrheal medications, like loperamide, are generally not recommended for children without professional guidance. They can prolong illness by trapping toxins or cause adverse side effects. Similarly, anti-nausea medications, including bismuth subsalicylate (e.g., Pepto-Bismol), are typically not advised for children and teenagers, especially with fever, due to Reye’s syndrome risk. Always consult a doctor before giving these medications.
Read labels carefully and understand active ingredients when selecting any OTC medication for children. Some combination cold and flu remedies may contain unsuitable ingredients for young children or duplicate doses of other medications. If in doubt about a medication or its dosage, contact a pediatrician or pharmacist.
When to Consult a Doctor
Recognizing when an upset stomach warrants professional medical attention is important for a child’s safety. Seek immediate medical evaluation for signs of severe dehydration, including:
No urination for 8 to 12 hours
A lack of tears when crying
Sunken eyes
A dry mouth and tongue
Unusual lethargy
If an infant under three months old develops a fever of 100.4°F (38°C) or higher, medical consultation is necessary.
Other concerning symptoms requiring medical advice include severe abdominal pain, especially if localized or persistent. Blood or black, tarry stools suggest a more serious underlying issue. Persistent vomiting, particularly if green, yellow, or projectile, also warrants medical attention. If a child cannot keep any liquids down, they are at high risk for dehydration and require professional assessment.
A rash accompanied by a fever can sometimes indicate a more widespread illness needing medical diagnosis. Any parent who feels their child is not improving despite home care, or is concerned about their child’s health, should trust their instincts and seek medical guidance. Early intervention can prevent minor issues from becoming more severe.