Immediate Care for a Split Nail
When a nail splits vertically, immediate attention can prevent further damage and discomfort. Start by carefully trimming any jagged edges with sharp nail clippers to prevent snagging. Gently file the nail with a fine-grit nail file, always in one direction, to smooth rough areas.
Applying a nail strengthener or clear polish can temporarily bind the nail layers, providing stability. This creates a protective barrier, reducing the likelihood of the split deepening or catching. After applying polish, protect the nail from impact by wearing gloves, especially during activities involving water or manual tasks.
Why Nails Split and How to Prevent It
Nails often split vertically due to a combination of factors, with dryness being a common culprit. When nails lack sufficient moisture, they become brittle and prone to cracking. Regular application of a moisturizer containing ingredients like urea or lactic acid can hydrate the nail plate, making it more flexible and less susceptible to splitting.
Physical trauma is another frequent cause, such as repeatedly bumping nails or using them as tools. Repetitive impacts can weaken the nail structure, leading to splitting. Protecting hands with gloves during household chores, gardening, or any activity involving manual labor can significantly reduce mechanical stress on the nails.
Exposure to harsh chemicals in cleaning products or acetone-based nail polish removers can strip the nails of their natural oils. This chemical exposure dehydrates the nail plate, making it brittle and more prone to splitting. Opting for acetone-free nail polish removers and consistently wearing protective gloves when handling chemicals helps maintain nail integrity.
Nutritional deficiencies can contribute to nail weakness. For instance, insufficient intake of biotin, a B vitamin, has been linked to brittle nails. Ensuring a balanced diet rich in vitamins, minerals, and proteins supports overall nail health, making them more resilient.
Aging also plays a role as nails naturally become drier and grow more slowly, making them more susceptible. The nail plate can thin or become ridged with age, increasing fragility. Consistent moisturizing and gentle nail care practices become even more important to maintain nail health as one ages.
When to Seek Professional Help
Consulting a healthcare professional is advisable if a split nail is accompanied by persistent pain, swelling, or redness around the nail bed. The presence of pus or any unusual discoloration of the nail also warrants medical attention. These symptoms could indicate an infection or an underlying medical condition affecting nail health.
If the vertical splitting does not improve despite consistent home care measures, or if it worsens, professional evaluation is recommended. A healthcare provider can accurately diagnose the cause and suggest appropriate treatments, which may include prescription-strength topical agents or oral medications. They can also rule out more serious issues.