A ripped fingernail is a sudden, painful event that exposes the sensitive nail bed. Careful attention is required to prevent complications. Understanding immediate care, ongoing management, and when to seek professional help is important for proper healing.
First Steps After Injury
Immediate steps are crucial for managing the injury. If there is bleeding, apply gentle, direct pressure to the wound using a clean cloth or sterile gauze for several minutes until the bleeding subsides. Once the bleeding has stopped, carefully clean the exposed nail bed and surrounding skin with mild soap and warm water to remove any dirt or debris. If any part of the nail remains partially attached and has jagged edges, gently trim away the disconnected portion with sterile scissors to prevent further tearing or snagging.
After cleaning, apply a thin layer of antibiotic ointment to the nail bed to help prevent infection. Then, cover the area with a non-stick dressing or a clean, sterile bandage. Secure a non-stick pad with medical tape or an elastic bandage, ensuring the dressing is not too tight. This covering shields the nail bed from trauma and contaminants.
Managing Healing and Recovery
Ongoing care is necessary as the nail bed heals and a new nail begins to form. To manage any pain and swelling, apply a cool, damp washcloth or ice pack to the injured area. Elevating the injured hand or finger above heart level can also help reduce throbbing and swelling. Over-the-counter pain relievers such as ibuprofen or acetaminophen can also be used to alleviate discomfort and reduce inflammation.
Maintain cleanliness by gently changing the dressing daily, or more often if it becomes wet or dirty. Reapply antibiotic ointment and a fresh non-stick bandage with each dressing change to protect the healing tissue. Keeping the area dry is also important, so consider wearing a finger cot or a waterproof glove when showering or performing tasks involving water. The new fingernail typically takes about three to six months to fully regrow, growing approximately 3 millimeters per month.
When Professional Medical Help is Needed
Certain situations warrant prompt medical attention to ensure proper healing and avoid complications. Seek professional care if the bleeding does not stop after applying direct pressure for an extended period. Severe or increasing pain that is not relieved by over-the-counter medication can also indicate a more serious issue. If the wound is deep, jagged, or involves damage beyond the nail bed, seek medical evaluation.
Signs of infection warrant medical help. These include increasing redness spreading from the wound, significant swelling, warmth, or tenderness around the injury. Pus, foul odor, red streaks extending from the injured area, or a fever also indicate medical intervention. If a large portion of the nail bed is exposed, discolored, or if the finger appears deformed, a healthcare provider can assess the injury and provide appropriate treatment.