A burn blister is a fluid-filled bubble that forms on the skin after a burn injury. These blisters typically indicate a second-degree burn, affecting both the outer and underlying layers of skin. Proper management is important for promoting healing and preventing complications.
Understanding Burn Blisters
Burn blisters develop as a protective response when the second layer of skin, known as the dermis, is damaged. This fluid-filled bubble forms to shield the compromised skin from further harm and infection. The fluid inside, similar to plasma, contains proteins that are believed to aid in wound healing.
Caring for a Burn Blister
Immediately cool the affected area with running cool, not cold, water for at least 10 to 15 minutes to reduce heat and pain. Avoid using ice directly on the burn, as this can cause additional tissue damage. Remove any jewelry or tight clothing from the burned area promptly, before swelling begins.
Avoid popping or draining a burn blister. The blister acts as a natural barrier, protecting the raw, healing skin underneath from bacteria and reducing the risk of infection. Popping it can delay the healing process and potentially lead to scarring.
Keep the blistered area clean by gently washing it with mild soap and water. After cleaning, apply a thin layer of petroleum-based ointment to keep the area moisturized. Cover the blister loosely with a sterile, non-stick gauze bandage to protect it from friction and contamination. This also helps keep air off the area, which can reduce pain.
Change the dressing regularly, daily, or if it becomes wet or dirty. For pain relief, over-the-counter medications such as ibuprofen or acetaminophen can be taken, following package directions.
When to Seek Professional Help
Seek professional help for burn blisters if they are larger than two inches (about 5 centimeters) in diameter, or roughly the size of the palm of your hand. Medical evaluation is also warranted for burns on sensitive areas like the face, hands, feet, genitals, or major joints.
Signs of infection, such as increasing redness spreading from the burn, significant swelling, pus or drainage from the wound, increasing pain, or fever, indicate a need for medical care. If the burn appears deep, affecting all layers of the skin, or looks charred, white, dry, or leathery, it may be a third-degree burn, which often requires immediate medical attention and may even be painless due to nerve damage.
Medical consultation is necessary for burns caused by chemicals or electricity, as these can have unique complications not immediately visible. Individuals with underlying health conditions, such as diabetes or a weakened immune system, should also consult a healthcare provider for even minor burns due to increased complication risks. Additionally, if the pain from the burn is severe and cannot be managed with over-the-counter pain relievers, professional medical advice should be sought.