A toenail falling off can be an unsettling experience, often resulting from injury, fungal infection, or other underlying conditions. Managing the situation with appropriate care can help ensure proper healing and prevent complications. Understanding initial care, what to expect during recovery, signs that warrant medical attention, and preventative measures can guide you through this process.
Initial Home Care
Clean and protect the exposed nail bed to prevent infection. Gently clean the area with mild soap and water, removing any debris. If bleeding occurs, apply gentle, direct pressure until it subsides.
Apply an over-the-counter antibiotic ointment to the nail bed. Cover the area with a sterile, non-stick bandage or dressing. Change this protective covering daily and whenever it becomes wet to keep the area clean and dry.
What to Expect During Healing
A new nail will grow back, but this process takes time. The exposed nail bed will be tender and sensitive. It takes about 7 to 10 days for this skin to harden and become less sensitive.
Toenails grow slower than fingernails. Full regrowth can take anywhere from six months to two years, depending on the individual and the original injury. A thin, protective layer may form over the nail bed in the first few weeks, with early signs of new nail growth visible around two to three months. Continue to protect the area with proper footwear and hygiene during this period.
Signs to See a Doctor
Certain signs indicate the need for professional medical attention. Look for increased pain, persistent swelling, or redness spreading beyond the immediate area, as these can be signs of infection. The presence of pus, a foul odor, or red streaks extending from the toe also suggests an infection.
Seek medical care if bleeding does not stop quickly, if the injury involved a deep cut, or if the toe appears crooked or mangled. Individuals with underlying health conditions like diabetes or poor circulation should consult a doctor promptly due to higher risk for complications and slow healing. If pain is severe or does not improve with over-the-counter pain relievers, see a healthcare professional.
Steps to Avoid Recurrence
Preventing future toenail loss involves addressing common causes like trauma and fungal infections. Wear properly fitting shoes with adequate toe room to prevent repeated pressure and friction on the nails, a frequent cause of injury, especially during physical activities. Ensure shoes are not too tight and provide ample space for toes to move.
Trim toenails straight across and not too short to prevent ingrown nails and reduce trauma risk. Promptly treat any fungal infections, as these can cause the nail to thicken, become brittle, and detach. Maintain good foot hygiene, including keeping feet clean and dry, and wearing moisture-wicking socks, to reduce fungal growth and other issues.