Navigating the ocean environment requires an understanding of its inhabitants, including sharks. While shark encounters are uncommon, knowing how to react if one approaches can significantly improve safety outcomes. This guide offers practical advice for ocean users on handling these rare events.
Minimizing Encounter Risk
Reducing the likelihood of a shark encounter begins with proactive measures. Avoid swimming during dawn or dusk, as many shark species are more active hunters during these low-light periods. Similarly, murky waters, often found near river mouths or after heavy rainfall, reduce visibility for both humans and sharks, potentially leading to misidentification.
Swimming alone also increases risk; sharks are more likely to approach solitary individuals. It is advisable to avoid areas known for shark activity, such as places where fishing or chumming is occurring, as these activities attract sharks. The presence of diving seabirds or schools of jumping fish can indicate an abundance of prey. Additionally, refrain from wearing shiny jewelry or highly contrasting swimwear, as their glint or appearance can resemble fish scales or prey, drawing a shark’s curiosity.
Responding to an Approach
If a shark approaches, maintaining composure is paramount. Panicking or making sudden, erratic movements like splashing can mimic the behavior of struggling prey. Instead, try to remain as calm as possible, moving smoothly and deliberately.
Maintain continuous eye contact with the shark as it approaches. Sharks are ambush predators, and a direct, unwavering gaze can signal that you are aware of its presence and willing to defend yourself, which may deter it. Slowly back away without turning your back, keeping the shark within your field of vision. If necessary, try to appear as large as possible by maintaining a vertical posture or spreading your arms, to present a more formidable profile.
Actions During Contact
Should a shark’s approach escalate to physical contact or a bite, immediate and aggressive self-defense is crucial. Do not attempt to play dead, as playing dead signals vulnerability. Instead, fight back forcefully and consistently.
Target the shark’s most sensitive areas: the nose, eyes, or gills. These regions are more vulnerable to impact. Use any available objects for defense, such as a camera, speargun, or rock. If no objects are available, use your fists, elbows, knees, or feet. Continue to strike these vulnerable points until the shark disengages.
Post-Encounter Steps
Once the encounter is over, prioritize exiting the water calmly and quickly. Avoid splashing or drawing unnecessary attention as you move towards shore or a boat. Your safety is the immediate priority.
Seek immediate medical attention for any injuries. Apply pressure to any wounds to control bleeding while waiting for medical assistance. Finally, report the incident to local authorities, such as lifeguards, park rangers, or marine patrol. Provide as much detail as possible about the shark’s size, species (if known), location, and behavior, as this information contributes to public safety and research efforts.