A sore throat during pregnancy often raises questions about safe relief. Hormonal changes can make pregnant individuals more susceptible to infections. While most sore throats are minor and resolve on their own, understanding appropriate approaches and knowing when to seek medical advice is important during this time.
Safe Approaches for Relief
Many non-pharmacological methods can help alleviate sore throat symptoms during pregnancy. Staying well-hydrated is fundamental; drinking plenty of fluids like water, herbal teas, or clear broths keeps the throat moist and aids healing. Warm, non-caffeinated beverages are particularly soothing.
Gargling with warm salt water is an effective home remedy. Dissolving about half a teaspoon of salt in eight ounces of warm water and gargling several times a day can help reduce swelling and discomfort. This practice also has anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effects, soothing the throat and removing irritants.
Sucking on throat lozenges or hard candies can temporarily ease throat pain by stimulating saliva production, which keeps the throat lubricated. Sugar-free options are available for those monitoring sugar intake. Similarly, ice chips can help numb the throat and reduce swelling, offering another simple form of relief.
A cool-mist humidifier adds moisture to the air, benefiting dry and irritated throats. Inhaling steam from a bowl of hot water or a steamy shower can also help moisten the respiratory passages and loosen mucus. These methods soothe the throat and make breathing more comfortable.
Rest plays an important role in recovery by allowing the body to conserve energy and focus on healing. Avoiding irritants like cigarette smoke, strong fumes, or excessively dry air can also prevent further throat irritation. Incorporating honey into warm liquids, such as tea with lemon, can provide additional soothing properties due to honey’s natural antibacterial qualities.
Medications and Pregnancy Considerations
If home remedies are insufficient, consult a healthcare provider about OTC medications. Acetaminophen, commonly found in products like Tylenol, is generally considered a suitable choice for pain relief and reducing fever during pregnancy. It is often the preferred option for managing these symptoms.
Studies show no direct link between acetaminophen use in pregnancy and neurodevelopmental disorders. However, as with any medication, it is advisable to use the lowest effective dose for the shortest necessary duration. If pain or fever persists after several days of acetaminophen use, medical consultation is recommended.
Certain medications require caution or are advised against. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), which include ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin) and naproxen (Aleve), are typically not recommended, particularly after 20 weeks of pregnancy. Their use in the second half of pregnancy can pose risks such as low amniotic fluid or kidney problems for the baby.
NSAIDs can also cause premature closure of a blood vessel in the baby’s heart, affecting circulation. Third-trimester use is contraindicated due to these risks, plus prolonged labor and increased maternal bleeding. Early pregnancy use may also be linked to miscarriage or malformations.
Decongestants, such as pseudoephedrine (Sudafed) and phenylephrine, are also generally approached with caution during pregnancy. Pseudoephedrine may increase blood pressure and some studies have shown a potential, albeit small, increased risk of birth defects, particularly when used in the first trimester. Phenylephrine also raises concerns about reduced blood flow to the placenta and potential heart defects.
Avoid combination cold and flu medications, as they often contain ingredients unsuitable for pregnancy. Some cough syrups may contain alcohol or certain decongestants that are not recommended. Dextromethorphan (a cough suppressant) and guaifenesin (an expectorant) are generally considered safe for short-term use, but it is important to check the specific product’s ingredients and always consult a healthcare provider before use.
Identifying When to Call a Doctor
While most sore throats during pregnancy are mild and can be managed with home remedies, certain signs indicate the need for medical attention. Contact a healthcare provider if a sore throat persists for more than five to seven days or worsens despite home care.
A high fever (100.4°F/38°C or above) with a sore throat warrants medical evaluation. Difficulty breathing or swallowing, severe throat pain, or inability to consume food or liquids require immediate consultation. These symptoms could indicate a more serious infection or complication.
Other concerning symptoms include a rash, swollen neck glands, or white patches/streaks of pus on the tonsils. These may indicate a bacterial infection like strep throat, which requires antibiotic treatment to prevent complications. Any symptoms resembling influenza, such as body aches or significant fatigue, should also be discussed with a doctor.