Aquatic invasive species (AIS) are non-native organisms that, when introduced into new environments, can cause considerable harm to ecosystems, economies, and even human health. These species can spread rapidly, often hitchhiking on recreational boats and equipment as they move between different bodies of water. The presence of AIS can disrupt local food webs, outcompete native species for resources, and alter habitats, leading to a decline in biodiversity.
Preventing the spread of these harmful invaders is a shared responsibility, particularly for those who enjoy recreational activities on the water. By understanding the pathways of introduction and taking specific preventative measures, boaters play an important role in safeguarding aquatic environments. This guide details key steps to eliminate AIS from vessels and protect waterways.
Draining Your Vessel
After removing your vessel from a body of water, the first step involves draining all water. This action prevents the transport of microscopic organisms, such as zebra mussel larvae (veligers), fish eggs, or pathogens, which are often invisible. These tiny invaders can survive in even small amounts of residual water, making complete drainage necessary.
Begin by removing all drain plugs from areas such as bilges, livewells, ballast tanks, and transom wells. Lowering the motor will also ensure that any water within the engine cooling system fully drains. Perform this draining process on land, away from any water bodies, storm drains, or ditches, to prevent the re-entry or dispersal of any organisms back into a waterway. All other water-holding containers, including bait buckets, coolers, and gear like sponges or bailers, must be emptied.
Thorough Cleaning Procedures
Once the vessel is drained, thorough physical cleaning is necessary to remove any visible or hidden aquatic organisms, plants, and debris. This process targets larger hitchhikers such as plant fragments, mud, or adult mussels that may cling to the vessel’s exterior or equipment. Cleaning all parts that came into contact with water, including the hull, propeller, trailer, fishing gear, anchors, and ropes, is essential.
Cleaning techniques involve high-pressure washing, which can effectively dislodge up to 90% of biological material. A pressure washer operating at 1,000 to 1,200 PSI is recommended for the hull. Hot water at 140°F (60°C) or more, applied for at least 10 seconds, is effective at killing many AIS, including zebra and quagga mussels. For interior compartments like livewells or bilges, lower pressure hot water, around 120°F (49°C), flushed for approximately two minutes, can kill organisms without damaging equipment.
Ensuring Complete Drying
The final step involves thoroughly drying the vessel and all associated equipment, a process that kills any remaining microscopic or hardy invasive species that survived draining and cleaning. Many AIS cannot survive prolonged exposure to air and sun, making this an important part of prevention.
For effectiveness, a minimum drying time of 5 to 7 days in warm, dry conditions is recommended. In cooler or more humid climates, a longer drying period, up to 30 days, may be needed. To maximize drying, open all compartments, remove floorboards, and allow for ample air circulation. Items that retain moisture, such as life jackets, ropes, and fishing nets, require careful attention and should be laid out to dry completely. This drying process ensures that any persistent organisms are eliminated before the vessel enters a new water body.
Safe Disposal and Reporting
After cleaning your vessel, properly disposing of collected aquatic invasive species, plants, or debris is necessary. Place them in a sealed bag and dispose of them in a trash can or designated invasive species disposal station.
Beyond disposal, reporting new or unusual sightings of aquatic species is an important aspect of early detection and rapid response efforts. If you suspect an invasive species, document it with clear photographs and GPS coordinates. Contact your local or state natural resource agency to report the finding. This information allows experts to monitor and manage potential outbreaks, protecting aquatic ecosystems.