A cough associated with COVID-19 can manifest in various ways, often presenting as a dry, persistent cough, though it can also be productive with mucus. The information provided here offers general guidance on managing a COVID-related cough at home. This guidance is for informational purposes and does not substitute professional medical advice.
Over-the-Counter Cough Relief
Cough suppressants work by affecting signals in the brain that trigger the cough reflex, making them suitable for dry coughs. Dextromethorphan is a common active ingredient in these antitussive medications.
For coughs that produce mucus, expectorants can be beneficial. Guaifenesin, an expectorant, functions by thinning and loosening mucus in the airways, which makes it easier to cough up. This action helps clear chest congestion and makes a productive cough more effective.
Pain relievers and fever reducers, such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen, can also provide indirect relief. These medications address general body aches, pains, and fever that often accompany a COVID-19 infection. Always read medication labels carefully, check for potential drug interactions, and consider consulting a pharmacist if there are any uncertainties regarding usage.
Comforting Home-Based Approaches
Maintaining adequate hydration is important; drinking plenty of fluids like water, clear broths, or warm teas helps prevent dehydration and can also thin mucus, making it easier to clear. Honey has demonstrated effectiveness in relieving cough symptoms for adults and children over one year of age.
Honey can soothe the throat and may reduce cough frequency. Gargling with warm saltwater can also help ease a sore throat and reduce congestion, potentially offering some symptomatic relief.
Using a humidifier or engaging in steam inhalation introduces moist air into the respiratory passages. This can help calm irritated airways and further loosen thick mucus. Resting adequately allows the body to conserve energy and focus on recovery. Additionally, elevating the head and chest with pillows during sleep can help reduce nighttime coughing by preventing mucus from pooling in the airways.
Recognizing When to Get Medical Help
Difficulty breathing or shortness of breath is a significant concern and indicates a need for immediate evaluation. Persistent chest pain or pressure should also be considered a serious warning sign.
Other symptoms that warrant seeking medical help include new confusion or an inability to wake or stay awake. Changes in skin color, such as pale, gray, or blue-colored lips, skin, or nail beds, signal low oxygen levels. If a cough or other COVID-19 symptoms are worsening or not improving over time, consulting a healthcare provider is appropriate. Individuals with underlying chronic health conditions, such as asthma, heart disease, or diabetes, or those with compromised immune systems, should seek medical advice sooner for any concerning symptoms. A persistent high fever accompanying a cough also indicates the need for professional medical assessment.