Canker sores, also known as aphthous ulcers, are common, painful lesions that appear inside the mouth. These shallow sores can develop on the inner lips, cheeks, gums, or tongue, and typically present as a white or yellowish center surrounded by a red border. While most canker sores heal on their own within one to two weeks, certain factors can worsen their discomfort or delay the healing process. Understanding what to avoid can significantly minimize irritation and promote a quicker recovery.
Dietary Considerations
Certain foods and beverages can irritate canker sores and prolong their healing. Highly acidic foods, such as citrus fruits like oranges, lemons, grapefruit, and limes, can sting the open sore due to their citric acid content. Tomatoes and tomato-based products, including sauces and ketchup, are also highly acidic and can intensify discomfort. The low pH of these items can erode the delicate oral tissue around the sore, exposing nerve endings and increasing pain.
Spicy foods, containing ingredients like chili peppers and hot sauces, can cause a burning sensation and inflame sensitive oral tissues. Components such as capsaicin activate pain receptors in the mouth, leading to increased discomfort upon contact with the canker sore. Rough-textured foods, including potato chips, pretzels, nuts, and crusty bread, can cause physical trauma by scraping or rubbing against the sore, potentially enlarging it or hindering healing. Salty snacks can also draw moisture from the tissue around the sore, making it feel raw and intensifying the stinging pain.
Additionally, excessively hot or cold foods and drinks can irritate the sensitive area. Coffee, for instance, at a high temperature can further inflame delicate mouth tissues. Carbonated beverages like soda and sparkling water can also be harsh on the mouth’s lining. Allowing hot foods and drinks to cool to room temperature can help prevent additional discomfort.
Oral Care Practices
Specific oral hygiene habits and products can aggravate canker sores. Toothpastes containing sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS), a common foaming agent, can be irritating for some individuals and have been linked to increased canker sore outbreaks. SLS can disrupt the protective mucous layer in the mouth, leaving tissues more vulnerable to irritation. Switching to an SLS-free toothpaste may help reduce the frequency and severity of these painful ulcers.
Alcohol-based mouthwashes should also be avoided, as their drying and irritating effects can worsen discomfort. Instead, using a gentle, alcohol-free rinse or a simple saltwater solution can help keep the area clean without further irritation. When brushing teeth, it is important to use a soft-bristled toothbrush and brush gently around the sore to prevent further injury. Accidental biting of the cheek or tongue, or trauma from dental appliances like braces or ill-fitting dentures, can also trigger or worsen canker sores.
Lifestyle Adjustments
Broader lifestyle factors can influence the duration and severity of canker sores. Stress is a recognized trigger, as it can suppress the immune system and potentially delay healing. Managing stress through relaxation techniques or ensuring adequate rest can support the body’s natural healing processes and potentially reduce outbreaks.
Avoiding smoking and chewing tobacco is also advisable, as these habits can irritate oral tissues. Focusing on general well-being contributes to a healthier oral environment and can aid in quicker recovery from canker sores.