Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is a life-saving medical procedure that helps maintain blood flow to the brain and other vital organs when someone’s heart has stopped beating. Correct hand placement during chest compressions is important for successful resuscitation and to minimize potential harm.
The Sternum’s Role in CPR
The sternum, commonly known as the breastbone, is a flat, T-shaped bone located in the center of the chest. It forms a crucial part of the rib cage, protecting internal thoracic organs like the heart and lungs. Its central position over the heart makes it the ideal target for chest compressions during CPR. Compressing the sternum helps to squeeze the heart between the breastbone and the spine, creating an artificial pumping action that circulates blood throughout the body, ensuring oxygenated blood reaches vital organs until professional medical help arrives.
Locating the Correct Compression Point
Identifying the precise spot on the sternum for chest compressions is important for effective CPR. For adults, the correct compression point is on the lower half of the sternum. One method involves locating the xiphoid process, the small, pointed cartilage at the very bottom of the sternum. The heel of one hand should then be placed two finger-widths above this point. Alternatively, a general guide for adult CPR is to place the heel of one hand in the center of the chest, slightly below the nipple line.
After positioning the heel of one hand, the other hand should be placed directly on top, with fingers interlaced or lifted to ensure they do not touch the chest. This stacked hand position helps to focus the compression force through the heel of the bottom hand onto the sternum. The rescuer should kneel beside the person and position their shoulders directly above their hands, keeping arms straight and elbows locked. This posture allows the rescuer to use their upper body weight for compressions, ensuring adequate depth and consistency.
Importance of Proper Hand Placement
Proper hand placement during CPR is important for both the effectiveness and safety of the procedure. Correct positioning ensures compressions directly over the heart, facilitating blood flow to the brain and other vital organs, which improves the chances of survival.
Improper hand placement carries several risks. Placing hands too high or too low on the sternum can result in ineffective compressions, reducing the necessary pressure to move blood efficiently. Incorrect placement can also lead to injuries such as rib fractures or damage to the xiphoid process. If the xiphoid process is broken, it could potentially puncture internal organs like the liver or lungs. Proper hand positioning helps minimize these risks.