A seizure is a temporary disruption of brain activity, and witnessing one can be a concerning experience. Understanding appropriate responses, particularly what actions to avoid, is important for ensuring the safety of the individual experiencing the seizure. Knowing what not to do helps prevent additional harm and supports a safer outcome.
Actions to Avoid
Attempting to restrain a person or stop their movements during a seizure is a common mistake. Forcibly holding someone down will not stop the seizure and can lead to injuries like broken bones or dislocated joints for both the person seizing and the bystander. Resisting the powerful muscle contractions can result in fractures.
Another action to avoid is placing anything in the person’s mouth, such as a spoon, wallet, or even your fingers. This practice can cause significant dental injuries, including broken teeth or jaw fractures. Objects placed in the mouth can also become choking hazards if they obstruct the airway.
Unless the person is in immediate danger, such as near stairs, a busy road, or sharp objects, avoid moving them during a seizure. If movement is necessary for safety, gently ease them to the ground and clear the area around them of any hard or sharp items. After the seizure, wait until the person is fully alert and aware before offering any food or drink. Offering items too soon can lead to choking or aspiration, as their swallowing reflex may not have fully returned.
Dispelling Harmful Seizure Myths
Several persistent myths about seizures can lead to harmful interventions. One common misconception is that a person can swallow their tongue during a seizure. This is anatomically impossible as the tongue is firmly attached to the bottom of the mouth. While a person might bite their tongue or cheek, they cannot swallow it.
Another myth suggests that shaking a person or trying to “wake them up” will stop a seizure. This is incorrect and can actually agitate or confuse the individual, potentially prolonging their recovery. Seizures are caused by abnormal electrical activity in the brain and cannot be consciously stopped or interrupted by external physical intervention. The best approach is to protect the person from injury and allow the seizure to run its course.
When Emergency Services Are Not Necessary
Most seizures are not medical emergencies and resolve on their own within a few minutes. The majority of seizures last between 30 seconds and two minutes. For many individuals with a known history of seizures, calling emergency services is often not required unless specific conditions are met.
However, certain situations warrant immediate medical attention. Call 911 if:
The seizure lasts longer than five minutes.
One seizure is followed immediately by another without the person regaining consciousness.
The individual is injured during the seizure.
It is the person’s first seizure.
They have difficulty breathing after the seizure.
The seizure occurs in water.
The person is pregnant or has an underlying health condition like diabetes or heart disease.