Colorado’s diverse landscapes provide a home for a variety of owl species. Owls possess exceptional adaptations for hunting, including acute hearing and silent flight. While many are nocturnal, some species hunt during daylight hours. These skilled predators play a significant role in their ecosystems.
Identifying Colorado’s Owl Species
The Great Horned Owl, a large and adaptable species, is common across Colorado in various habitats, from forests to urban areas. These powerful owls are identified by prominent ear tufts and striking yellow eyes. They have a deep, hooting call and are primarily nocturnal, though they may hunt during the day. Their plumage is mottled gray-brown with a white throat patch.
The Western Screech-Owl is a smaller owl with ear tufts, fine streaking on its underparts, and high-pitched screeching calls. These cavity nesters utilize tree cavities in woodland habitats. They are nocturnal, feeding on insects, small mammals, birds, and reptiles.
Burrowing Owls prefer underground living, inhabiting burrows in open grasslands and prairies. These small, long-legged owls have a flattened head, large yellow eyes, and white eyebrows, lacking ear tufts. They are diurnal, often seen perched on fence posts or on the ground near their burrows. Their vocalizations can resemble a dog’s bark.
The Northern Pygmy-Owl is a tiny owl with a round head, long tail, and piercing yellow eyes. Its plumage is primarily brown with white spots, and it features false eyespots on the back of its neck, which may deter predators. These owls are active during the day and can be found in coniferous forests. Their call is a series of evenly spaced tooting sounds.
Long-eared Owls have ear tufts that are often not visible unless the bird is alert. They are characterized by their slender build, yellow eyes, and a heart-shaped facial disc. These nocturnal owls prefer dense tree cover for roosting and nesting, often hunting in open spaces. They are known for their stealthy nature.
The Short-eared Owl is a medium-sized owl with tawny, mottled brown plumage and a round facial disk. They often hunt during the day, flying low over open country, wetlands, and grasslands. Their territorial calls include a raspy bark and a series of low-pitched “boo” notes. They nest on the ground amidst concealing vegetation.
Northern Saw-whet Owls are diminutive, known for their unique call that sounds like a saw being sharpened on a whetstone. They have a circular cream-colored face with brown streaks, sharp dark beaks, and striking yellow eyes. Their underbelly is light white with delicate brown markings, while their back and wings are deep brown with bright white spots. These owls primarily feed on small mammals and insects.
Rarely, Snowy Owls, large white owls native to the Arctic, are observed in Colorado during winter irruptions. They are adept hunters, preying on small mammals and birds. They are active during winter and can be seen near bodies of water or in open, snowy landscapes.
Diverse Habitats of Colorado Owls
Colorado’s varied geography supports numerous owl species, as different ecological zones provide specialized environments. These habitats meet the specific needs of various owl populations, from hunting grounds to nesting sites.
The plains and grasslands of eastern Colorado are important for ground-nesting owls. These open areas are particularly important for species like the Burrowing Owl, which relies on existing burrows for shelter and nesting. The extensive grasslands also provide hunting grounds for owls that prey on small mammals and insects.
Foothills and pinyon-juniper woodlands offer a mosaic of habitats suitable for medium-sized forest owls. These areas include ponderosa pine forests and mixed conifer stands. Species such as the Northern Pygmy-Owl find suitable nesting cavities in these wooded areas, along with ample prey.
Montane and subalpine forests provide dense coniferous and mixed forests for owls adapted to cooler climates. These environments are home to owls that nest in tree cavities. The presence of large trees and prey supports these high-altitude owl populations.
Riparian areas along rivers and watercourses support owls. Cottonwood trees and other deciduous vegetation offer nesting and roost sites. These areas also provide rich hunting grounds due to abundant small mammals and insects.
Ethical Owl Observation and Conservation
Observing owls in Colorado requires adherence to ethical guidelines to ensure their well-being. Owls are often most active during dawn and dusk. Listening for their distinct calls can help in locating them.
Maintain a respectful distance to avoid disturbing owls, especially near nests or roosting sites. If an owl shows signs of distress, you are too close. Using binoculars or a spotting scope allows for close-up views without intrusion. Avoid using call playback devices, as this can stress owls and disrupt their natural behaviors.
Conservation efforts are important for protecting Colorado’s owl populations and their habitats. Habitat loss, particularly in grasslands and forested areas, poses a significant challenge to many owl species. Supporting organizations dedicated to wildlife and habitat preservation helps ensure these birds continue to thrive across the state. Several owl species in Colorado are recognized as Species of Greatest Conservation Need.