YAG capsulotomy is a laser surgery designed to address a visual issue that can arise following cataract surgery. This outpatient procedure aims to restore clear vision by precisely targeting a specific part of the eye. It offers a straightforward approach when cloudiness develops after an initial cataract removal.
Understanding Posterior Capsule Opacification
After cataract surgery, an artificial lens replaces the eye’s natural clouded lens, placed within a membrane called the posterior capsule. Over time, this capsule can become hazy or opaque, a condition known as posterior capsule opacification (PCO). This clouding occurs as residual lens epithelial cells migrate and proliferate on the posterior capsule. When this happens, light struggles to pass through to the retina, causing symptoms such as blurred vision, glare, or difficulty seeing in low light. PCO is the most frequent reason YAG capsulotomy is performed.
How the Procedure is Performed
The YAG capsulotomy procedure is quick, taking five to ten minutes. Before treatment, the eye is prepared with drops to dilate the pupil, allowing the surgeon a clearer view. Numbing eye drops are also administered for comfort.
A YAG laser is then focused onto the clouded posterior capsule. This laser delivers bursts of energy to create a small, circular opening in the center of the opaque membrane. This opening allows light to travel unimpeded to the retina, restoring clear vision. The procedure is generally painless, with patients typically reporting only a brief sensation of pressure or a clicking sound.
Recovery and What to Expect
Following a YAG capsulotomy, patients may experience temporary changes in vision, including transient blurred vision immediately after the procedure and small, dark specks or “floaters.” These floaters are tiny pieces of the treated capsule that will settle or dissipate over days or weeks.
Some individuals may also perceive brief flashes of light, which are a normal response to the laser’s action. Vision begins to improve significantly within 24 hours as the immediate effects subside. Patients can resume their normal daily activities almost immediately.
Safety and Potential Complications
YAG capsulotomy is considered an effective and safe outpatient procedure with a high success rate in restoring clear vision. While the procedure is routine and complications are rare, it is helpful to be aware of possible side effects. A temporary increase in intraocular pressure (IOP) can occur shortly after the laser treatment, which is managed with eye drops. In isolated instances, there is a minor risk of significant complications, such as retinal detachment or swelling within the central part of the retina, known as cystoid macular edema. Regular follow-up appointments with an eye care professional are scheduled to monitor recovery and address any concerns.