“Thermo flu” is an informal term describing flu-like symptoms that emerge during periods of heat exposure. These symptoms are not caused by a viral infection, but by the body’s struggle to regulate its temperature in hot environments. While not a formal medical diagnosis, understanding these signs and their underlying causes, which are actual heat-related illnesses, is important for health and safety. Recognizing these differences helps in responding appropriately.
What Heat-Related Illnesses Are
The symptoms people refer to as “thermo flu” often correspond to heat exhaustion and heatstroke. Heat exhaustion occurs when the body loses excessive water and salt through heavy sweating, leading to overheating. This condition can develop from prolonged exposure to high temperatures, especially with high humidity or physical activity.
Heatstroke, by contrast, is a severe medical emergency where the body loses its ability to control its internal temperature. The body’s core temperature rises to 104°F (40°C) or higher. Unlike heat exhaustion, heatstroke signifies a failure of the body’s cooling mechanisms and can damage vital organs if not addressed immediately. Dehydration contributes to both, impairing the body’s ability to sweat and regulate temperature.
Identifying the Symptoms
Recognizing the signs of heat-related illnesses allows for timely intervention. Symptoms of heat exhaustion include heavy sweating, cold and clammy skin, and muscle cramps. Individuals may also experience headache, dizziness, fatigue, and weakness. Nausea or vomiting can accompany these symptoms, with body temperature typically ranging from 100.4°F to 103°F (38°C to 39.4°C).
As heatstroke progresses, symptoms become more severe, including changes in mental state such as confusion, agitation, or slurred speech. The skin might feel hot and dry, though it can remain moist with strenuous physical exertion. Other indicators include a rapid heart rate, fast breathing, and a throbbing headache.
Preventing and Managing Symptoms
Proactive steps can reduce the risk of heat-related illnesses. Staying well-hydrated means drinking more cold fluids, such as water or sports drinks, especially when active. Wear lightweight, loose-fitting, and light-colored clothing, as these materials allow air circulation and reflect sunlight. Avoid direct sun exposure during the hottest parts of the day, typically between 11 AM and 3 PM, to prevent overheating.
If mild heat exhaustion symptoms appear, immediate management can prevent worsening. Move to a cooler environment, such as an air-conditioned building or a shaded area, and remove unnecessary clothing. Applying cool, wet cloths to the skin, or sponging with cool water while fanning, helps lower body temperature. Slowly sipping water or an electrolyte-containing sports drink aids rehydration.
When to Get Medical Help
Certain symptoms indicate severe heatstroke, which requires immediate medical attention. Call emergency services if someone exhibits a body temperature of 104°F (40°C) or greater. Other signs include any change in mental state or behavior, such as confusion, agitation, irritability, seizures, or loss of consciousness.
The skin may be hot and dry, though heavy sweating might still be present with exertional heatstroke. While waiting for emergency help, begin cooling the person immediately. Move them to a cool, shaded area and use available means to lower their body temperature, such as immersing them in a cool bath, spraying them with a hose, or applying ice packs to the neck, armpits, and groin.