Women possess a structure analogous to the male prostate gland. This organ is known by several names, most commonly the Skene’s glands, also known as paraurethral or periurethral glands. Though not widely discussed, these glands play a role in both urinary and sexual well-being, offering insights into often-overlooked aspects of female biology.
Anatomy of the Female Prostate
The Skene’s glands are two small ducts positioned along both sides of the urethra, in the front part of the vaginal wall. These glands are located near the urethral opening. They are sometimes referred to as the “female prostate” because they develop from the same embryonic tissue as the male prostate gland.
This developmental connection also extends to their biochemical output. The Skene’s glands produce Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA), a protein also found in fluid from the male prostate. The size of these glands varies, but they are generally small, often described as pea-sized.
Function in Sexual Health
The Skene’s glands contribute to female sexual health through their involvement in lubrication and fluid secretion. During sexual arousal, blood flow to the area increases, causing the tissues surrounding these glands to swell. This stimulation prompts the glands to release a fluid into the urethra.
Beyond lubrication, the Skene’s glands are considered the source of female ejaculation for some individuals. The fluid expelled is distinct from typical vaginal lubrication, which is produced by other glands. This ejaculate is a small volume, often described as a thick, whitish fluid, and its composition includes components like prostate-specific antigen, prostatic acid phosphatase, glucose, and fructose, but without sperm.
Associated Health Conditions
The Skene’s glands can sometimes develop health issues. Infections, known as skenitis, are common concerns, caused by bacteria like those for gonorrhea or urinary tract infections (UTIs). Symptoms of skenitis can include:
Pain during urination
Frequent urge to urinate
Swelling or soreness in the gland area
Discomfort during sexual activity
Generalized vaginal pain
Cysts can also form if the ducts of the Skene’s glands become blocked. These cysts are usually small, often less than 1 centimeter in diameter, and may not cause symptoms. Larger cysts can manifest as a noticeable lump near the urethra, pain during urination or sex, or difficulty emptying the bladder. Cancer of the Skene’s glands is exceptionally rare, with only a limited number of cases reported.
Diagnosis and Medical Care
When symptoms suggest a problem with the Skene’s glands, a healthcare provider will conduct an evaluation. Diagnosis often begins with a physical pelvic examination, during which the doctor may feel for lumps or tenderness near the urethral opening. A urine sample may also be collected to check for infections like UTIs.
Further diagnostic imaging, such as an ultrasound or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), can be used to visualize cysts or identify inflammation within the glands. Treatment approaches vary based on the specific condition. Infections like skenitis are typically managed with antibiotics, often requiring a course of several weeks to ensure the medication is effective. Cysts that cause symptoms may be drained or surgically removed through procedures like marsupialization, which creates a permanent opening for drainage. In the rare instance of cancer, treatment may involve surgical removal of the tumor, radiation therapy, or chemotherapy, depending on the stage and spread of the disease.