The treatment that pushes compounds into the epidermis is called iontophoresis. This non-invasive skincare technique utilizes a low-level electrical current to enhance the absorption of water-soluble substances into the skin’s outermost layer. The method employs a direct or galvanic current, which helps to transport beneficial compounds more deeply than traditional topical application alone.
The Science of Iontophoresis
Iontophoresis operates on the principle of electrical repulsion to facilitate compound delivery into the skin. A continuous, direct electrical current, known as galvanic current, is applied through electrodes. When water-soluble compounds, such as vitamin C or hyaluronic acid, are dissolved in a solution, they become electrically charged ions, either positive or negative.
The process involves two electrodes: an active electrode placed on the treatment area containing the ionized product, and an inactive electrode held by the client or positioned elsewhere on the body to complete the electrical circuit. The core mechanism relies on the repulsion of like charges. If a product contains positively charged ions, a positive current is used to push these ions away from the active electrode and into the skin.
Common Skincare Applications
Iontophoresis is widely employed in aesthetic treatments to enhance the delivery of various skincare compounds. For deep hydration, hyaluronic acid can be infused, resulting in skin that appears plumper and more moisturized.
To address signs of aging and brighten skin tone, vitamin C is frequently introduced. This helps to combat free radicals and promote a more radiant complexion. Solutions containing negatively charged ions, such as those with salicylic acid or disincrustation fluids, are used for deep-cleansing pores in acne treatments. Agents like licorice extract or kojic acid can also reduce dark spots and hyperpigmentation.
Safety and Contraindications
Iontophoresis has specific contraindications. It should be avoided by pregnant individuals, those with pacemakers or other electrical implants, and people with heart conditions or epilepsy.
The presence of metal in the body, such as braces, metal plates, or pins, also contraindicates the procedure. Treatment should not be performed over inflamed, broken, or sunburnt skin. Potential temporary side effects include mild redness of the skin, a slight tingling sensation during the procedure, or a metallic taste in the mouth. These effects resolve quickly after the treatment.