The pikake flower stands as a cherished and iconic bloom, particularly in Hawaii. Known for its delicate beauty and captivating aroma, this flower has charmed people for centuries.
Defining Pikake
Pikake is the Hawaiian name for Jasminum sambac, a species of jasmine from the olive family, Oleaceae. This plant typically grows as a shrub, reaching up to 6 feet in height and 2-3 feet in width, though it can also exhibit viny characteristics. Its leaves are rich green, rounded to oval, and appear in pairs with prominent veins.
The flowers themselves are small, usually measuring between 0.5 to 1.25 inches in diameter. They are cream-white, waxy, and can be single, semi-double, or multi-layered, sometimes resembling a miniature rose or carnation depending on the variety. These blooms emerge at branch terminals, either singly or in clusters, on new growth.
Its Distinctive Fragrance
The pikake flower is widely celebrated for its intoxicating scent. Its fragrance is often described as sweet, heady, and exotic, with a rich and sensual complexity. The aroma includes green and fruity top notes, with warm, intense floral notes of jasmine in the middle. This unique blend provides a particularly appealing olfactory experience.
The scent becomes most pronounced in the evening or at night, which is a common characteristic for many jasmine varieties. The distinctive fragrance contributes significantly to the flower’s appeal and its various uses.
Cultural Significance
The pikake flower holds deep cultural importance, especially within Hawaiian tradition. It is a symbol of love, romance, purity, and respect, frequently used in the creation of traditional leis.
This flower gained particular prominence through its association with Princess Kaʻiulani, the beloved heir to the Hawaiian throne in the 19th century. She reportedly cherished both the pikake flower and peacocks, leading her to name the flower “pikake,” which is the Hawaiian word for peacock. The princess often wore pikake leis, and its fragrance became closely linked with her presence. Today, the pikake flower is sometimes called the “Princess Kaʻiulani flower” in her honor. It continues to be worn in ceremonies, weddings, and as a general symbol of aloha, representing the islands’ natural splendor and heritage.
Cultivation Notes
Pikake is not native to Hawaii but originates from India and other parts of South and Southeast Asia. It was introduced to the Hawaiian Islands in the 19th century, where it found an ideal environment for growth. The plant thrives in warm, humid climates, making tropical regions particularly suitable for its cultivation.
For optimal growth and abundant flowering, pikake requires well-draining soil and ample sunlight, ideally full sun exposure. Daytime temperatures between 80-90°F (27-32°C) and nighttime temperatures of 70-80°F (21-27°C) are considered ideal for its development. While it is a tropical plant, it can be grown indoors or in greenhouses in cooler climates, provided its specific environmental needs are met.