The navel, commonly known as the belly button, is an anatomical feature on the human abdomen. It marks the site where the umbilical cord connected us to our mothers. This small depression or protrusion is essentially a scar.
From Umbilical Cord to Navel
The navel originates from the umbilical cord, a flexible structure that forms during pregnancy. This cord delivers oxygen and nutrient-rich blood from the placenta to the developing fetus and carries away waste products. After birth, the umbilical cord is cut, leaving a small stump attached to the baby’s abdomen.
The remaining umbilical stump undergoes a healing process. Over one to three weeks, it dries, shrivels, and changes color before detaching. This process results in the formation of the navel, a permanent scar.
Appearance and Types
Navels are broadly categorized into two main types: “innies” and “outies.” An “innie” is a concave depression, while an “outie” is a convex or protruding shape. Most individuals, about 90%, have an “innie,” with “outies” being less common.
The appearance of a navel is not determined by how the umbilical cord was cut or clamped at birth. Instead, it depends on how the skin and underlying tissues heal and scar after the umbilical stump falls off. Factors like scar tissue formation and abdominal muscle attachment influence whether the navel indents inward or protrudes outward. An “outie” may also result from an umbilical hernia, where abdominal tissue or intestine pushes through a weak spot in the abdominal wall near the navel.
Beyond Aesthetics: Function and Care
Once the umbilical cord detaches, the navel typically serves no active biological function in adults. Proper care is beneficial for hygiene. The navel’s unique shape can collect lint, dead skin cells, sweat, and bacteria, which may lead to odors if not cleaned regularly.
Cleaning the navel involves using warm water and mild soap during a shower or bath. For “innies,” a cotton swab can help reach deeper areas. Thorough rinsing and drying prevent moisture buildup, which can foster bacterial or fungal growth. Applying lotions or creams within the navel, especially for “innies,” should be avoided unless advised by a medical professional, as they can trap moisture.
The navel area can experience issues. Infections, caused by bacteria or fungi, can manifest with symptoms such as redness, swelling, pain, itching, discharge, or a foul smell. Umbilical hernias, which appear as a soft bulge near the navel, are common in infants and often resolve on their own, but in adults, they can cause discomfort. Medical attention is advisable if there are signs of infection, persistent pain, or significant changes in the appearance of a hernia.