Herpangina is a common viral illness that affects young children, characterized by sudden fever and painful lesions in the mouth and throat. Though uncomfortable, it is usually mild and resolves on its own.
Understanding Herpangina
Herpangina is a viral infection caused by enteroviruses, primarily Coxsackievirus A, but also B, echovirus, and enterovirus 71. These viruses are common and highly contagious. It mainly affects children under 10, with a higher incidence between 3 and 10. It spreads in environments where children are in close contact, such as daycare centers and schools.
Identifying the Symptoms
Symptoms of herpangina begin abruptly with a high fever, sometimes reaching 106°F, followed by a sore throat and painful swallowing. Its distinguishing feature is small, painful, blister-like sores inside the mouth and throat. These lesions, usually 1-5 mm in diameter, often appear on the soft palate, tonsils, uvula, and the back of the throat. Initially red spots, they evolve into small blisters with a red border, eventually forming shallow, yellowish ulcers. Other symptoms include headache, loss of appetite, and sometimes drooling.
Caring for Someone with Herpangina
Care for herpangina focuses on supportive measures, as antibiotics are ineffective against viral infections. Pain relief can be achieved with over-the-counter medications like acetaminophen or ibuprofen, following recommended dosages. Adequate hydration is important, as painful mouth sores can make drinking difficult, leading to dehydration. Cold fluids (water, milk, electrolyte solutions) and soft, bland foods (yogurt, ice cream) can help soothe the throat and maintain fluid intake. Avoid acidic, spicy, or hot foods that can irritate the sores.
Monitor for signs of dehydration: decreased urination, dry mouth, or lack of tears. Seek medical attention if fever is very high or persists over five days, if dehydration signs appear, if the child experiences severe pain, or if symptoms worsen. Most cases resolve within a week to ten days. However, newborns, immunocompromised individuals, or those with severe symptoms should be evaluated by a healthcare provider.
Limiting Transmission
Herpangina is highly contagious, spreading through direct contact with an infected person’s saliva, mucus, or stool, and also via respiratory droplets from coughing or sneezing, or by touching contaminated surfaces or objects. The virus remains contagious for several weeks, even after symptoms subside, with highest contagiousness during the first two weeks. To limit transmission, frequent and thorough handwashing with soap and water is important: especially after using the toilet, changing diapers, and before preparing food. Disinfecting frequently touched surfaces and objects (e.g., toys, doorknobs) also helps prevent spread. Keeping infected individuals, especially children, home from school or daycare during the contagious period helps reduce outbreaks.