The Florida Keys Hemp Vine (Tournefortia hirsutissima) is a native plant found in the unique ecosystem of the Florida Keys. This distinct species belongs to the Boraginaceae family, which includes plants like borage and comfrey. Despite its common name, this vine bears no botanical relation to the cannabis plant (Cannabis sativa) or industrial hemp.
Identifying Florida Keys Hemp Vine
The Florida Keys Hemp Vine grows as a perennial climbing vine or woody shrub, capable of reaching lengths of up to 20 feet. Its stems and branches possess a rough texture due to stiff plant hairs. The leaves are alternate, ovate to elliptic in shape, and can measure up to 6 inches long.
Throughout the year, this vine produces small, white, sweet-scented flowers. These tubular flowers are arranged on unique scorpioid, or scorpion-shaped, racemes. Following the blooms, the plant develops round, fleshy berries that are white when ripe and possess a sweetish taste, often resembling small grapes. Each fruit contains two to four small seed-like structures.
Natural Habitat and Ecological Role
Tournefortia hirsutissima thrives in the warm, humid climate of the Florida Keys and other tropical regions. It is found in environments such as tropical forests, hammocks, and along the edges of woodlands. The plant prefers moist, well-drained soils, including sandy, limestone, or organic types, and generally prefers full sun exposure, though it can tolerate light shade.
The Florida Keys Hemp Vine plays a role in the local ecology. It serves as a nectar source for several butterfly species, including the Cassius Blue, Lyside Sulphur, and Southern Dogface. It also acts as a host plant for the larvae of the Little Metalmark butterfly. The vine’s dense foliage contributes to local biodiversity by providing habitat for various insects, birds, and small mammals.
Legal Status and Common Misconceptions
The common name “Florida Keys Hemp Vine” often leads to misunderstandings about its legal status. However, Tournefortia hirsutissima is botanically distinct and unrelated to the cannabis plant (Cannabis sativa), the source of industrial hemp and marijuana. Unlike cannabis, the Florida Keys Hemp Vine does not produce cannabinoids such as THC or CBD.
Given its lack of psychoactive compounds, Tournefortia hirsutissima is not subject to the strict regulations governing cannabis or hemp products. In Florida, industrial hemp is legally defined as cannabis containing 0.3% or less total Delta-9 THC. The Florida Keys Hemp Vine, having entirely different chemical properties, faces no such restrictions. Its cultivation and possession are not regulated under cannabis-related laws, allowing it to be grown freely. The state of Florida currently lists Tournefortia hirsutissima as an endangered species.
Potential Uses and Historical Significance
Historically, Tournefortia hirsutissima has been recognized for various traditional applications in different cultures. Crushed leaves have been used for skin ailments, mouth ulcers, diarrhea, and vomiting. Decoctions made from the leaves are also known for their depurative properties, believed to cleanse the body.
The plant’s leaves and roots have been used as a diuretic, and infusions of the dried stem have been traditionally applied in the management of Type 2 diabetes. Other traditional uses include remedies for colds, coughs, fevers, and stomachaches. Scientific studies indicate that Tournefortia hirsutissima possesses antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities. Research also suggests that compounds within the plant may promote healing by stimulating skin cell regeneration and reducing oxidative stress.