Skin growths are common, varying in appearance from small, flat spots to raised bumps. Understanding their characteristics helps in recognizing their nature and determining if medical attention is warranted.
Understanding Moles
Moles, medically known as melanocytic nevi, are common skin growths formed when pigment-producing cells, melanocytes, grow in clusters. These clusters appear as small, colored spots on the skin. Moles can be present at birth or develop later, during childhood and early adulthood. They are brown or black, though some can be skin-colored or yellowish.
The texture of a mole varies, appearing flat or raised, smooth or rough. Moles can emerge on any part of the body, ranging from a few millimeters to larger than a half-inch across. Hormonal changes, such as during pregnancy, can cause moles to darken or increase in size.
Understanding Skin Tags
Skin tags, also known as acrochordons or fibroepithelial polyps, are small, soft, benign growths that project from the skin. These growths consist of a core of collagen fibers and blood vessels, covered by skin. Skin tags match the surrounding skin color, but can also be slightly darker or brownish.
They have a soft, rubbery texture and are attached to the skin by a narrow stalk, or peduncle, making them appear like a small flap of skin. While their exact cause remains unclear, skin tags are found in areas where skin rubs against skin or clothing, such as the neck, armpits, groin, and under the breasts. Hormonal changes, aging, and obesity contribute to their development.
Key Distinguishing Features
Moles and skin tags differ in appearance, texture, and attachment. Moles are flat or slightly raised spots, formed from clustered pigment cells, giving them a distinct color, usually brown or black. In contrast, skin tags are soft, flesh-colored or brownish growths that protrude from the skin on a narrow stalk. This stalk-like attachment is a primary visual differentiator.
The texture also distinguishes them: moles can be smooth or rough, feeling like a part of the skin. Skin tags are notably soft and pliable, feeling like a small, dangling piece of skin. Moles can appear anywhere, influenced by genetics and sun exposure. Skin tags develop in areas of friction, such as the neck, underarms, or groin.
When to Seek Professional Advice
While most skin growths are benign, it is important to seek professional medical advice if you notice any changes or have concerns. For moles, dermatologists use the “ABCDE” rule to identify signs of melanoma, a serious form of skin cancer.
ABCDE Rule for Moles
Asymmetry: One half of the mole does not match the other half.
Border irregularity: Uneven, notched, or blurred edges.
Color variation: Different shades of brown, black, or patches of red, white, or blue.
Diameter: Greater than 6 millimeters, roughly the size of a pencil eraser.
Evolving: Any change in size, shape, color, elevation, or new symptoms like bleeding, itching, or crusting.
For skin tags, consultation is advised if they become irritated, bleed, cause discomfort due to friction, or if their appearance is a cosmetic concern.