The plant commonly known by the folk name “cholera plant” is a perennial herb belonging to the mint family. It has an extensive history of use within traditional medicine systems, especially in places like India, Southeast Asia, and Brazil. The plant is recognized for its distinct aromatic qualities and has been cultivated for both its ornamental appearance and medicinal applications for centuries.
The Connection to Cholera
The name “cholera plant” is a misnomer, as it does not cause or cure the bacterial infection cholera. The name likely arose from its historical use in folk medicine for treating severe digestive problems like diarrhea, which are symptoms of the disease. The plant was used to manage these acute gastrointestinal symptoms, not the underlying Vibrio cholerae infection.
Scientifically, the plant is identified as Plectranthus barbatus, also known by its synonym Coleus forskohlii and common names such as Indian Coleus. It is a semi-succulent subshrub with large, soft leaves and upright spikes of purple-blue flowers.
Traditional and Modern Medicinal Applications
In traditional Ayurvedic medicine, Plectranthus barbatus was applied for many health conditions beyond digestive relief, including respiratory disorders, heart conditions, and skin issues. This broad use prompted scientific interest, leading to the identification of its primary active compound, forskolin, extracted from the plant’s roots.
Forskolin’s mechanism of action involves the direct activation of an enzyme called adenylate cyclase. This activation increases the intracellular levels of a signaling molecule known as cyclic adenosine monophosphate, or cAMP. Since cAMP is involved in regulating many different cellular processes, forskolin’s ability to influence it forms the basis for its potential therapeutic applications.
Modern research has focused on several areas for Coleus forskohlii supplements. One area is weight management, where increased cAMP is thought to stimulate the breakdown of stored fat. Another application is for asthma, as forskolin may help relax the muscles around the bronchial airways, making breathing easier. Researchers have also investigated its use in glaucoma to lower pressure inside the eye, though much of the existing evidence is preliminary and requires more human trials.
Safety and Potential Side Effects
The most noted side effects of Plectranthus barbatus relate to its cardiovascular impact, as it can lower blood pressure and sometimes lead to a faster heart rate. Other reported issues include gastrointestinal upset and throat irritation when inhaled.
The plant’s extracts can interact with several classes of medications. Because forskolin may slow blood clotting, it should not be taken with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs, such as warfarin or aspirin, as this could heighten the risk of bleeding. It may also interact with antihypertensive drugs, potentially causing blood pressure to drop too low.
Certain groups should avoid using the plant. Pregnant and breastfeeding women are advised against its use, as its effects on fetal development and infants are not well understood. Individuals with existing bleeding disorders, low blood pressure, or heart disease should also avoid it. Due to the increased risk of bleeding, use should be discontinued at least two weeks before any scheduled surgery.