Swing-through gait is a mobility method using assistive devices, typically crutches. It involves a coordinated movement where both legs swing past the crutches, enabling forward progression without bearing weight on the lower limbs. This distinct pattern offers a specific approach to ambulation for those with limited lower body function.
Understanding Swing-Through Gait
Swing-through gait is a symmetrical crutch gait characterized by the alternating support first on the crutches and then on the feet, where the body moves forward between the crutches. The core mechanics involve advancing both crutches forward simultaneously, followed by swinging both legs through and landing them ahead of the crutches. This differs from a “swing-to” gait, where the feet land at the same point as the crutches.
Performing Swing-Through Gait
Executing the swing-through gait begins from a stable starting position, often referred to as the tripod stance. In this stance, the crutch tips are positioned approximately six inches in front of the feet and about six inches to the side of each foot, forming a triangular base for stability. To initiate movement, the individual pushes down on the handgrips of the crutches, shifting their body weight onto their arms and shoulders. It is important to support body weight through the hands and arms, not the armpits, to prevent nerve damage.
Once the weight is supported, both crutches are advanced forward together. The individual then leans forward and swings both legs through the space between the crutches, landing their feet ahead of the crutches. The legs should swing past the crutch placement, rather than stopping at the crutches. After the feet land, the body is stabilized on the feet, and the crutches are then moved forward again to prepare for the next swing. This continuous sequence of crutch advancement, body swing, and foot placement allows for fluid, albeit demanding, forward movement.
Applications of Swing-Through Gait
Swing-through gait is commonly recommended for individuals who cannot bear weight on one or both lower extremities. This includes patients recovering from lower extremity injuries, such as ankle, foot, or shank trauma, where full weight-bearing is temporarily contraindicated. It is also frequently utilized by individuals with lower extremity amputation or paralysis, or those in a large plaster cast, as it allows for mobility while avoiding pressure on the injured or affected limb.
This gait pattern is chosen for its efficiency in covering ground quickly, offering a relatively high movement velocity compared to other crutch gaits. While it allows for faster movement, it demands significant upper body strength and coordination because the entire body weight is transferred through the arms and shoulders. The repetitive stress on the wrist, elbow, and shoulder joints during this gait can be substantial, highlighting the physical demands of this mobility technique.