Surufatinib is a medication that plays a role in the treatment of certain cancers. It functions as a targeted therapy, meaning it is designed to interfere with specific molecules involved in tumor growth and progression.
Understanding Surufatinib and Its Action
Surufatinib is classified as a small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor, which blocks the activity of certain enzymes called tyrosine kinases. These enzymes are involved in various cellular processes, including cell growth, division, and the formation of new blood vessels. Surufatinib specifically targets multiple receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), which are often overactive in cancer cells.
The drug primarily inhibits the activity of vascular endothelial growth factor receptors (VEGFRs 1, 2, and 3), fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1), and colony stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF-1R). By blocking VEGFRs and FGFR1, surufatinib interferes with angiogenesis, the process by which tumors develop new blood vessels to obtain nutrients and oxygen. Disrupting this process can effectively “starve” the tumor, limiting its growth and spread. Also, inhibiting CSF-1R helps to modulate the tumor’s immune environment, potentially reducing its ability to evade the body’s natural defenses. Surufatinib is administered orally as a tablet.
Medical Conditions Treated by Surufatinib
Surufatinib treats particularly neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). It has received conditional approval in some regions for advanced neuroendocrine tumors that originate in the pancreas or other parts of the body. These tumors are often well-differentiated, meaning their cells still resemble normal cells, and may be non-functioning, indicating they do not produce excess hormones.
The medication is considered for unresectable locally advanced or metastatic NETs that have progressed. This means the tumors cannot be surgically removed, have spread to nearby or distant parts of the body, and continue to grow despite other treatments. Surufatinib targets the underlying mechanisms that drive the growth of these tumor types.
Practical Considerations: Side Effects and Dosing
Taking surufatinib involves understanding potential side effects and adhering to specific dosing instructions. Common side effects include fatigue, diarrhea, elevated blood pressure (hypertension), and protein in the urine (proteinuria). Healthcare professionals closely monitor patients for these effects, and strategies are implemented to manage them.
Surufatinib is taken orally once daily. It can be taken with a low-fat meal or on an empty stomach, and the tablets should be swallowed whole. Adhering to the prescribed dosing schedule is important to maintain effectiveness and minimize side effects. A healthcare professional determines the specific dosage and any adjustments based on an individual’s condition and response to treatment.