The term “steat” commonly appears as a partial search for “steatosis,” a biological condition characterized by an abnormal accumulation of fat within cells. While this cellular change can occur in various organs, it is most prominently observed in the liver, where it can affect normal function.
What is Steatosis?
Steatosis, meaning “fatty change,” describes the accumulation of lipid droplets inside cells. While it can affect organs like the kidneys or heart, the most prevalent form is hepatic steatosis, commonly known as fatty liver disease. A liver is considered fatty when fat exceeds 5% of its total weight. This condition is categorized into two main types: Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD), which develops in individuals who consume little to no alcohol, and Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (AFLD), directly linked to excessive alcohol intake.
Common Causes and Risk Factors
The triggers for steatosis vary depending on its type. Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (AFLD) is directly caused by heavy and prolonged alcohol consumption, as the liver metabolizes alcohol and this process can generate harmful substances that damage liver cells, leading to fat buildup.
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD), however, is associated with metabolic factors. Primary risk factors for NAFLD include obesity, particularly with excess fat around the waist, and conditions like metabolic syndrome. Other contributors are type 2 diabetes, insulin resistance, and elevated levels of cholesterol or triglycerides in the blood. These factors disrupt the body’s fat metabolism, leading to increased fat storage in liver cells.
Signs and Management
Steatosis often presents without noticeable symptoms, so individuals may not be aware they have the condition until it is discovered incidentally during medical tests for other reasons. When symptoms do emerge, they are typically vague and can include persistent fatigue or a dull discomfort in the upper right side of the abdomen.
Management of steatosis involves lifestyle modifications. This includes gradual weight loss through a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, while limiting processed foods, sugars, and unhealthy fats. Regular physical activity, such as brisk walking or cycling for at least 150 minutes weekly, also contributes to reducing liver fat. For those with AFLD, avoiding alcohol completely is important, and managing co-existing conditions like diabetes or high cholesterol is also an important part of treatment.