Shilajit is a natural substance found primarily in the rugged terrains of specific mountain regions around the world. This blackish-brown, tar-like material emerges from rock crevices. Historically, it has been recognized and utilized for centuries within traditional medicine systems, notably Ayurveda, where it is often referred to as “conqueror of mountains and destroyer of weakness”.
Geological Genesis
The formation of Shilajit unfolds over hundreds to thousands of years within high-altitude mountain ranges like the Himalayas, Altai, and Caucasus. It is created under specific geological conditions involving immense pressure and temperature. Layers of organic material become trapped deep within rock formations, often between 1,000 and 5,000 meters above sea level. As continental plates shift and collide, such as the Indian plate impacting the Eurasian plate, the resulting geological forces transform the trapped organic matter, leading to the slow exudation of the resinous substance from the rocks.
Biological Contributions
The core of Shilajit originates from ancient plant matter embedded within rock crevices and layers. This includes decaying vegetation, mosses, lichens, and various plant species native to high-altitude environments. Microbial decomposition, where microorganisms break down this plant material over extended periods under anaerobic conditions, is crucial. This activity breaks down complex plant compounds into more bioavailable forms and enriches the material with humic substances. This biological transformation contributes to Shilajit’s distinct characteristics.
Primary Constituents
Shilajit’s complex composition is characterized by a rich array of bioactive compounds and minerals. It primarily consists of humic substances, including fulvic acid and humic acid, which can account for 60% to 80% of its total composition. Fulvic acid enhances nutrient absorption and acts as an antioxidant. Its relatively small molecular weight allows for better absorption within the body. Beyond these organic acids, Shilajit contains a diverse profile of essential minerals and trace elements. These naturally occurring elements are found in ionic forms, which are readily usable by the body. Common minerals include iron, calcium, magnesium, and potassium, alongside trace elements such as zinc, copper, selenium, manganese, molybdenum, and chromium. The substance also contains other organic compounds, amino acids, plant metabolites, and dibenzo-α-pyrones. This combination of components defines Shilajit’s distinct chemical makeup and contributes to its properties.
Natural Purification
Raw Shilajit contains impurities that necessitate purification before consumption. The traditional purification process involves dissolving the raw, tar-like substance in spring water. This solution is then filtered to remove insoluble materials like rock fragments, sand, and other debris. After filtration, the purified liquid is sun-dried, allowing water to evaporate and leaving a concentrated form of Shilajit. This process ensures the final product is clean, refined, and safe for use.