Sexsomnia, also known as “sleep sex,” is a medical condition characterized by engaging in sexual behaviors while asleep. It is a type of parasomnia, a group of disruptive sleep disorders that involve undesirable physical actions during sleep or upon waking. Individuals experiencing sexsomnia perform these actions involuntarily and are typically unaware of their behavior during the episode.
Identifying Sexsomnia Behaviors
Individuals experiencing sexsomnia can exhibit a range of behaviors, from subtle actions to more overt sexual acts. These may include moaning, making sexual vocalizations, or engaging in masturbation while asleep. The behaviors can also involve fondling a bed partner or even attempting or initiating sexual intercourse. A defining characteristic is that the person is completely asleep during these episodes, often with vacant or glassy eyes, and generally has no memory of the event upon waking. Such actions can be disorienting and distressing for a bed partner, as the behaviors are often out of character and appear mechanical.
Potential Causes and Triggers
Sexsomnia is an arousal disorder originating from non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep, similar to sleepwalking. Triggers include insufficient sleep, stress, anxiety, alcohol, sedative medications, and physical contact with a bed partner. The condition is strongly associated with other sleep disorders, especially Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA). Treating these underlying conditions often resolves sexsomnia symptoms. Other associated factors can include restless legs syndrome, sleep-related epilepsy, or certain medications like zolpidem.
The Diagnostic Process
Diagnosing sexsomnia requires professional evaluation, as self-diagnosis is insufficient. The process begins with a consultation with a doctor or sleep clinician, including a thorough medical history and detailed accounts from a bed partner, as the affected individual typically has no recollection.
The primary diagnostic tool is an overnight, in-lab video-polysomnography, or sleep study. This study monitors brain wave activity (EEG), breathing patterns, heart rate, and body movements. Its objective is to confirm that sexual behaviors occur during sleep and to identify underlying causes like sleep apnea or sleep-related seizures.
Treatment and Management Strategies
Managing sexsomnia involves a multi-faceted approach. A primary step is treating any co-occurring sleep disorders, such as using a Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) machine for obstructive sleep apnea.
Lifestyle modifications also reduce episode frequency. These include establishing a consistent sleep schedule, incorporating stress-reduction techniques, and avoiding alcohol and sedating medications before bedtime. In some instances, medications like benzodiazepines (e.g., clonazepam) or specific antidepressants may be prescribed. Implementing safety measures for both the patient and partner is also advised, which might involve temporarily sleeping in separate beds or securing the bedroom.
Navigating Relationship and Legal Complexities
Sexsomnia can have significant emotional consequences for a bed partner, who may experience confusion, fear, or violation due to the involuntary sexual behaviors. Open communication, education about the disorder, and couples counseling can help manage relationship strain.
The legal implications of sexsomnia are intricate because the individual acts without conscious intent while asleep, complicating the question of consent. Sexsomnia has been used as a defense in sexual assault cases, highlighting challenges courts face in determining responsibility when an individual is unconscious. This information is for general understanding and not legal advice; individuals facing legal issues related to sexsomnia should consult a qualified attorney.