Scoliosis screening is a routine, non-invasive examination primarily for children and adolescents. It aims for the early detection of scoliosis, a condition characterized by an abnormal sideways curve of the spine. This screening helps identify individuals who may benefit from further medical evaluation.
Understanding Scoliosis Screening
Scoliosis screening aims to detect lateral (sideways) curvature of the spine, which can sometimes appear as an S or C shape. Identifying scoliosis early allows healthcare providers to monitor the curve’s progression and consider interventions if necessary.
Scoliosis often becomes noticeable during rapid growth, such as adolescent growth spurts, typically between ages 9 and 16. The exact cause of the most common form, adolescent idiopathic scoliosis, is unknown, but it may involve genetic and environmental factors. Untreated, significant curves can worsen, potentially leading to physical changes, and in severe cases, may affect lung function or cause discomfort.
The Screening Procedure
Scoliosis screening primarily involves a visual and physical assessment, most commonly through the Adam’s Forward Bend Test. During this test, the individual bends forward at the waist with feet together and arms hanging loosely. This position makes the spine and back more visible for examination.
The healthcare professional observes the individual’s back for asymmetries indicating a spinal curve. Observations include uneven shoulders, a prominent shoulder blade, uneven hips, or a rib hump on one side. A scoliometer, a small handheld device, may also be used to measure the angle of trunk rotation, providing a quantitative assessment. This screening does not involve X-rays.
Interpreting Screening Results
A positive scoliosis screening indicates a potential spinal curve, requiring further evaluation, but it is not a definitive diagnosis. If a potential curvature is identified, the next step is typically a referral to a specialist, such as an orthopedic surgeon. The specialist will conduct a thorough examination, usually including diagnostic imaging.
X-rays confirm a scoliosis diagnosis and measure the curve’s degree using the Cobb angle method. A curve measuring 10 degrees or more on an X-ray is generally considered scoliosis. Depending on the curve’s severity and remaining growth, further steps might include monitoring, bracing, or surgical consideration.
Recommendations for Screening
Scoliosis screening is typically recommended for children and adolescents, particularly during their pre-adolescent and adolescent years when growth spurts are common. Screening often begins around age 10. Guidelines from organizations like the Scoliosis Research Society suggest screening girls twice, around ages 10 and 12, and boys once, around ages 12 or 13.
These screenings can take place in various settings, including routine physical examinations with a pediatrician or through school-based programs. Regular checks during these years help identify spinal curvature changes promptly, as early detection can influence treatment options.