Physical distancing is an effective public health measure designed to limit the spread of respiratory viruses. It involves intentionally increasing the physical space between individuals to reduce the likelihood of disease transmission. This strategy has been widely adopted during outbreaks to protect communities and slow the rate of infection. It complements other preventive actions in a comprehensive public health response.
Defining Physical Distancing
Physical distancing involves maintaining space between yourself and others not in your immediate household. This practice aims to minimize direct contact and reduce the potential for virus transmission. A commonly recommended distance is at least 6 feet, or about two arm lengths, from other people. This separation makes it less likely for respiratory droplets from an infected individual to reach another person.
The idea behind physical distancing is to interrupt the chain of transmission by limiting opportunities for close-range exposure. It discourages gatherings in groups and advises avoiding crowded areas and mass events. Individuals reduce their risk of inhaling infectious particles or coming into contact with contaminated surfaces by keeping space.
How Physical Distancing Limits Spread
Physical distancing works by disrupting the primary routes of respiratory virus transmission, particularly through droplets and aerosols. When an infected person coughs, sneezes, or even speaks, they release respiratory droplets and smaller aerosol particles into the air. These particles can carry pathogens, and their travel distance influences transmission.
Larger respiratory droplets tend to fall to the ground within a few feet of the source, often within 6 feet. Maintaining a distance of 6 feet or more reduces the chance of these droplets directly landing on another person’s mucous membranes (eyes, nose, mouth) or being inhaled. Smaller aerosol particles, however, can remain suspended in the air for longer periods and travel greater distances, potentially up to 7 or 8 meters (23 to 26 feet) from the source, especially with forceful exhalations like sneezes. While these smaller particles can travel further, their concentration decreases with distance due to dispersion, making transmission less likely at greater separations. Increasing the space between individuals directly reduces the concentration of infectious particles that might be encountered.
Implementing Physical Distancing in Daily Life
Integrating physical distancing into daily routines requires adaptation across various settings. When in public spaces like grocery stores or pharmacies, maintain at least 6 feet of distance from other shoppers and staff. This can involve waiting for others to clear an aisle before proceeding or using floor markers that indicate safe distances at checkout lines.
In workplaces, implementing physical distancing may involve reconfiguring workspaces to ensure at least 6 feet between desks or workstations. Employers may also limit the number of workers on a shift or encourage telework when feasible to reduce density. During social gatherings, whether indoors or outdoors, limit close contact with individuals outside your household. This includes avoiding handshakes, hugs, and other forms of direct physical contact.
When using public transportation, if it cannot be avoided, create as much space as possible between yourself and other passengers. This might mean choosing less crowded times for travel or opting for alternative methods if available. Even during outdoor activities, maintaining distance from others, particularly in popular areas, helps to reduce potential exposure. Consistently create physical separation, adapting actions to the environment and activities.