Paraffin is a common type of wax derived from petroleum, recognized for its versatility and presence in many everyday products. This substance serves various purposes across multiple industries, ranging from household items to specialized industrial applications. Its unique characteristics make it a ubiquitous material in modern life.
Understanding Paraffin: Composition and Origin
Paraffin wax is a hydrocarbon, specifically a mixture of saturated hydrocarbons called alkanes. These molecules typically contain between 20 and 40 carbon atoms, forming straight or sometimes branched chains. Its chemical formula is represented as CnH2n+2, where ‘n’ denotes the number of carbon atoms. The name “paraffin” originates from Latin, meaning “little affinity,” referring to its unreactive nature.
The primary source of paraffin wax is petroleum. It is obtained as a byproduct during the refining of crude oil from dewaxing light lubricating oil stocks. The manufacturing process involves removing oil from slack wax, a mixture of oil and wax, through crystallization. This separation occurs by heating the slack wax, mixing it with solvents, and then cooling it, which causes the wax to crystallize and separate from the oil. Fully refined paraffin wax undergoes a purification process, resulting in a product with less than 0.5% oil content.
Physical Properties of Paraffin
Paraffin wax is a white, translucent, and odorless solid at room temperature. It has a waxy texture and is tasteless. The melting point of paraffin wax varies depending on its refinement and composition, ranging from 46 to 68 degrees Celsius (115 to 154 degrees Fahrenheit).
Paraffin is insoluble in water. However, it is soluble in organic solvents like ether, benzene, chloroform, and carbon disulfide. This wax is unaffected by most common chemical reagents, contributing to its stability. When melted, paraffin wax becomes a clear, colorless liquid with low viscosity, and it expands in volume by about 5-8%.
Diverse Applications of Paraffin
Paraffin wax finds extensive use across many sectors due to its adaptable properties. Its most recognized application is in the manufacture of candles, where it provides a clean and consistent burn. Paraffin candles also hold fragrances and dyes effectively, allowing for vibrant colors and robust scent throw. The cost-effectiveness and versatility of paraffin make it a preferred choice for candle production.
In the cosmetics and personal care industry, paraffin wax serves as an emollient. It creates a protective barrier on the skin’s surface, making it a common ingredient in moisturizers, lotions, and lip balms. Paraffin baths are also used therapeutically in spas for skin nourishment and to soothe dry skin.
The food industry utilizes food-grade paraffin wax. It is commonly applied as a coating for fruits and vegetables to preserve freshness, extend shelf life, and enhance their appearance. This wax also acts as a moisture barrier for hard cheeses and is used in some candies and chocolates to provide a glossy coating.
Paraffin wax is used in medical and therapeutic applications. It is used in paraffin bath therapy to relieve pain and stiffness associated with conditions like osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and fibromyalgia. The warm wax increases blood flow, relaxes muscles, and helps to decrease joint stiffness. It is also found in medical ointments and creams, providing a protective barrier on the skin and aiding in the delivery of medicinal ingredients.
Paraffin wax has a range of industrial applications. It serves as a lubricant. Its water-resistant properties make it suitable for waterproofing various materials, including paper, cardboard, and wood coatings. Paraffin is also used in electrical insulation due to its low electrical conductivity.