Olmesartan medoxomil and hydrochlorothiazide is a combination medication used to treat high blood pressure, also known as hypertension. It helps lower elevated blood pressure, which can reduce the risk of serious health complications like stroke, heart failure, and kidney disease.
How It Works to Manage Blood Pressure
Olmesartan medoxomil functions as an angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB). Angiotensin II is a substance that causes blood vessels to narrow, increasing blood pressure. Olmesartan blocks the effects of angiotensin II, causing blood vessels to relax and widen. This action lowers blood pressure and improves blood flow.
Hydrochlorothiazide is a thiazide diuretic, often called a “water pill.” It increases the amount of salt and water the body eliminates through urine. By promoting the excretion of excess fluid and sodium, hydrochlorothiazide reduces overall fluid volume, which helps lower blood pressure.
The combination of olmesartan medoxomil and hydrochlorothiazide provides a synergistic effect. Olmesartan relaxes blood vessels, while hydrochlorothiazide reduces fluid volume. This dual action often results in a more significant reduction in blood pressure compared to using either medication alone. This combination can be beneficial for patients whose hypertension is not adequately controlled with a single drug.
Proper Administration and Dosage
The dosage of olmesartan medoxomil and hydrochlorothiazide is determined by a healthcare provider and must be followed precisely. Do not alter the prescribed dose without consulting your doctor. The medication is taken once daily, and while it can be taken with or without food, some individuals find taking it with food helps if stomach upset occurs. Many people take this medicine in the morning due to the diuretic effect of hydrochlorothiazide, which increases urine production.
If a dose is missed, take it as soon as it is remembered on the same day. However, if it is almost time for the next scheduled dose, skip the missed dose and resume the regular schedule. Never take a double dose to compensate for a forgotten one. Consistent daily administration is recommended for effective long-term blood pressure control.
Store this medication in its original closed container at room temperature, typically between 15-30°C (59-86°F), away from excessive heat, moisture, and direct light. Avoid freezing the medication. Adherence to the prescribed regimen is important, even if no symptoms of high blood pressure are felt, as hypertension often presents without noticeable signs.
Understanding Potential Side Effects and Interactions
Individuals taking olmesartan medoxomil and hydrochlorothiazide may experience common side effects, such as dizziness, lightheadedness, or cold symptoms like a stuffy nose. These effects are generally mild and may improve as the body adjusts to the medication. Nausea or an increased level of uric acid in the blood may also occur.
More serious, though less frequent, side effects require immediate medical attention:
- Severe dizziness or fainting, especially when rising quickly from a sitting or lying position.
- Signs of kidney problems, such as a decrease in urine output, swelling in the feet or ankles, or unusual tiredness.
- Symptoms of electrolyte imbalance, like muscle weakness or cramps.
- Persistent dry cough.
- Severe allergic reactions, such as swelling of the face, lips, tongue, or throat (angioedema).
- Eye pain, changes in vision, or blurred vision, which could indicate angle-closure glaucoma.
Various medications and substances can interact with olmesartan medoxomide and hydrochlorothiazide. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can reduce its blood pressure-lowering effects and increase the risk of kidney problems. Medications that increase serum potassium levels, such as certain diuretics or potassium supplements, should be used with caution due to the risk of hyperkalemia. Lithium levels can also be increased, potentially leading to toxicity.
It is important to inform your doctor about all prescription and over-the-counter medications, herbal products, and supplements being used. Alcohol consumption can exacerbate dizziness and lightheadedness, further lowering blood pressure. Some medications, like colesevelam, cholestyramine, or colestipol, may require staggered dosing to prevent reduced absorption of the blood pressure medication.
Important Considerations for Use
Special considerations apply to certain patient populations when using olmesartan medoxomil and hydrochlorothiazide. This medication is not recommended during pregnancy, particularly during the second and third trimesters, as it can cause harm to the developing fetus, including impaired kidney function and decreased amniotic fluid volume. Women who are pregnant or planning to become pregnant should inform their doctor immediately. The medication is also not recommended for breastfeeding mothers, and an alternative treatment may be advised.
Patients with kidney or liver impairment may require careful monitoring or dosage adjustments, as these conditions can affect how the body processes the medication. Individuals with severe kidney disease or an inability to produce urine should avoid this medication. There is also a risk of dehydration and electrolyte imbalances, such as low potassium (hypokalemia) or low sodium (hyponatremia), due to the diuretic component. Regular monitoring of serum electrolytes is necessary.
The medication can impact blood sugar levels, so diabetic patients should monitor their glucose closely and discuss any changes with their doctor. Regular blood pressure checks are important to ensure the medication effectively controls hypertension. Periodic blood tests to assess kidney function and electrolyte levels are also recommended to monitor for potential adverse effects. While medication is a component of hypertension management, lifestyle adjustments such as diet and exercise may also be discussed by a healthcare provider. Ongoing communication with your doctor about any concerns or questions ensures safe and effective use of this medication.