Mitomycin chemotherapy is a type of cancer treatment that uses a drug called mitomycin to combat the growth and spread of cancer cells. It is classified as an antineoplastic antibiotic, derived from certain microorganisms, and works to inhibit tumor development. This medication is a component of various cancer treatment regimens, often used alone or in combination with other drugs.
How Mitomycin Works
Mitomycin works by interfering with the genetic material inside cancer cells. It functions as an alkylating agent, directly damaging the DNA of these rapidly dividing cells. The drug forms cross-links within DNA strands, preventing proper replication and transcription. This DNA damage disrupts the cell’s ability to divide, ultimately leading to the death of cancer cells. This mechanism of action makes it effective against various cancers.
Cancers Treated with Mitomycin
Mitomycin is utilized in the treatment of several cancer types, either as a primary therapy or when other treatments have not been successful. It is commonly used for stomach and pancreatic cancer, particularly when the disease is locally advanced or has spread. The drug also plays a role in treating certain types of bladder cancer, including non-invasive forms, where it can be given directly into the bladder. Beyond these, mitomycin is indicated for urothelial cancer in the upper urinary tract for low-grade disease. It has also been explored in the treatment of other cancers, including breast, anal, cervical, non-small cell lung cancer, and malignant mesothelioma.
Administration and Potential Side Effects
Mitomycin can be administered through several methods, depending on the type of cancer being treated. The most common approach is intravenous (IV) infusion. For certain bladder cancers, mitomycin is administered directly into the bladder through a catheter, a method known as intravesical chemotherapy. In some cases, it may also be given intraperitoneally, directly into the abdominal cavity.
Patients undergoing mitomycin treatment may experience a range of side effects. Common side effects include nausea, vomiting, fatigue, and changes in blood counts, such as a decrease in white blood cells (leading to a higher risk of infection), red blood cells (anemia), and platelets (increased risk of bruising or bleeding). Some individuals may also experience hair loss, a sore mouth or throat, and mouth ulcers.
More serious side effects can involve specific organ systems, including lung toxicity (shortness of breath or cough) and kidney issues. Bone marrow suppression is a significant concern. Patients are monitored closely for these effects, and prompt reporting of any new or worsening symptoms to the healthcare team is encouraged.
Managing Treatment and Recovery
Managing mitomycin treatment involves a collaborative effort between the patient and their healthcare team. Regular monitoring of blood counts assesses the drug’s impact on bone marrow function and guides treatment adjustments. Patients are advised to contact their healthcare provider immediately if they experience symptoms of infection, such as fever, chills, or persistent cough.
Maintaining good nutrition and adequate hydration is important during treatment to support recovery and manage side effects like nausea and fatigue. Dietary adjustments and fluid intake can help with digestive issues and prevent dehydration. For oral discomfort, using a soft toothbrush and gentle mouth rinses can alleviate soreness and prevent infections.
Recovery from acute side effects generally involves gradual improvement after treatment cycles are completed. Follow-up care monitors for lingering side effects and assesses the overall response to therapy. The healthcare team provides guidance for long-term well-being after treatment.