Mild tooth wear is the gradual loss of the tooth’s hard, protective outer surface, known as enamel, which thins over time. This process is a common finding in dental examinations and is considered a normal part of aging to some extent. However, certain lifestyle and health factors can accelerate this process and lead to more noticeable changes.
Signs of Mild Tooth Wear
One of the earliest indicators of enamel loss is a change in tooth sensitivity. You may notice discomfort or a tingling sensation when consuming hot, cold, or sweet foods and drinks. This occurs because as the enamel thins, it exposes the underlying dentin, a more porous and sensitive layer of the tooth.
Visually, as the enamel wears away, the yellowish dentin beneath becomes more visible, causing teeth to appear more yellow. The shape of your teeth may also change, with biting edges looking flat or shortened. You might also see small, smooth divots on the chewing surfaces, or existing fillings may appear to be sitting higher than the surrounding tooth.
Primary Causes of Tooth Surface Loss
The loss of tooth surface is attributed to three processes: erosion, attrition, and abrasion. Dental erosion is the chemical dissolution of enamel by acids not produced by bacteria. These acids can come from external sources, like a diet high in acidic foods and drinks, or internal sources, such as acid reflux (GERD) or frequent vomiting.
Attrition is the result of tooth-to-tooth contact, which physically wears down enamel. This most often occurs due to bruxism, the unconscious grinding or clenching of teeth, especially during sleep. The pressure from these actions wears away the chewing surfaces, leading to flattened teeth and sometimes jaw pain or headaches.
The third cause, abrasion, involves mechanical wear from foreign objects. Common examples include aggressive brushing with a hard-bristled toothbrush or using highly abrasive toothpastes. Other habits, like biting nails or chewing on pens, can also create friction that wears away enamel.
Preventing Further Wear and Management
Because lost enamel does not regenerate, management focuses on preventing further damage. To mitigate erosion, reduce the frequency of consuming acidic foods and drinks. When you do consume them, rinsing your mouth with water afterward helps neutralize the acids.
Changes in oral hygiene habits can address abrasion. Switch to a soft-bristled toothbrush, use gentle, circular brushing motions, and select a less abrasive toothpaste.
A dental professional can identify the cause of your tooth wear and suggest targeted interventions. If bruxism is the culprit, a dentist can create a custom-fitted nightguard to protect teeth during sleep. In-office fluoride treatments may also be recommended to strengthen remaining enamel and increase its resistance to acid.