Mexican Frankincense offers a unique aromatic experience, distinct from its Old World counterparts. This resin, derived from specific trees native to the Americas, has a rich history of traditional use and emerging modern applications. Understanding its origins, characteristics, and proper usage provides insight into its natural fragrance and wellness benefits.
Understanding Mexican Frankincense
Mexican Frankincense refers to resin from Bursera species, primarily Bursera fagaroides and Bursera copallifera. These trees are part of the Burseraceae family, also known as the torchwood family, which includes Boswellia species that yield traditional frankincense. Common names include Torchwood Copal, Fragrant Bursera, and Copal Santo. The term “copal” originates from the Nahuatl word copalli (meaning incense).
Bursera species are native to Mexico, extending into Central America and the southern United States. They grow as deciduous shrubs or small trees, typically 10 to 30 feet tall. A striking characteristic is their shaggy, peeling bark, which often reveals a shiny greenish trunk. The trees also exhibit a pachycaul growth habit, developing thickened, moisture-storing trunks and limbs.
The leaves of Mexican Frankincense trees are shiny green, pinnate, and highly aromatic when crushed. Small, inconspicuous flowers develop, followed by gray-brown triangular fruits. While Mexican Frankincense shares aromatic qualities with traditional frankincense, they are botanically distinct. Boswellia species are from Africa, Arabia, and Asia, whereas Bursera species are exclusively American. Their resins differ in chemical composition.
Traditional and Modern Uses
Mexican Frankincense has a long history of diverse applications, spanning spiritual, medicinal, and practical uses across indigenous cultures. Historically, its resin (copal) served as a primary incense in spiritual ceremonies, including Mexican Catholic churches and sacred rituals.
Medicinally, the resin treated ailments such as headaches, cuts, various skin conditions, pain, inflammation, rheumatism, and colds. The resin contains antibiotic and anti-inflammatory properties.
Beyond ceremonial and healing roles, the plant’s stems were traditionally used for coil baskets, and timber for carvings. Berries from some Bursera species were applied as a remedy for acne.
Modern applications of Mexican Frankincense continue to expand, particularly within aromatherapy and natural remedies. The essential oil, steam-distilled from the resin, is recognized for its calming effects and potential to support the respiratory system, making it a choice for meditation and mood enhancement. In perfumery, the fragrant sap is incorporated into various formulations.
For skincare, the essential oil is explored for its ability to reduce irritation, redness, and wrinkles, and improve skin elasticity. Its antibacterial properties also show promise for oral health, aiding conditions like gingivitis. Bursera trees are popular as ornamental plants and for bonsai.
How to Use Mexican Frankincense
Using Mexican Frankincense, whether raw resin or essential oil, involves specific methods to experience its properties. Burning raw resin requires a heat-resistant container and charcoal disk.
Light the charcoal until it glows, then place it in the bowl, ideally on sand to dissipate heat. Once hot, place a small, pea-sized piece of resin onto the charcoal; it will melt and release fragrant smoke. Adding a pinch of salt can help it burn more evenly.
For essential oil, diffusion is a popular aromatherapy method. Add 5 to 7 drops to water in an electric diffuser or oil burner. For topical application, dilute the essential oil with a carrier oil (e.g., jojoba) or lotion before applying to skin. The diluted oil can also be used as a massage oil or added to bath water. For direct inhalation, inhale from the bottle or from a few drops on a tissue.
Safety and Sourcing Considerations
Prioritize safety and responsible sourcing. Avoid contact with eyes and mucous membranes. Ensure adequate ventilation when burning resin or diffusing oil. Store all forms in a cool, dry place, away from heat and sunlight, in sealed containers to maintain integrity.
Topical essential oil requires dilution to prevent skin irritation. Ingestion is not recommended. Pregnant or breastfeeding individuals should avoid use due to insufficient safety data. Some essential oils can increase photosensitivity; check labels and consider night application or covering treated skin before sun exposure.
Sustainable harvesting is crucial to prevent overexploitation and maintain natural populations. Reputable suppliers emphasize ethical and sustainable methods, often working with communities that use proper resin extraction techniques. Supporting these practices ensures the continued availability of this valuable botanical resource.