Loratadine is a medication used to manage allergy symptoms. It is classified as a second-generation antihistamine, distinguishing it from older medications due to its generally non-drowsy profile. Available without a prescription, loratadine is commonly known by its brand name, Claritin, making it a familiar option for many seeking relief. This medication helps address various allergic reactions without inducing the significant sleepiness associated with some first-generation antihistamines.
Medical Uses of Loratadine
Loratadine is used to alleviate symptoms of allergic rhinitis, commonly known as hay fever. This condition manifests with symptoms such as sneezing, a runny nose, and itchy or watery eyes. Loratadine helps to reduce these reactions, providing relief for both seasonal and year-round allergies.
The medication is also effective in managing chronic urticaria, or hives. When hives appear on the skin, they often cause intense itching and the formation of raised, red welts. Loratadine diminishes both the itching and the appearance of these skin manifestations.
How Loratadine Works
Allergy symptoms often arise from the body’s release of histamine, a natural chemical. When exposed to allergens like pollen or dust, immune cells release histamine. This histamine then binds to H1 receptors on various cells throughout the body, triggering an inflammatory response that causes common allergy symptoms.
Loratadine functions as a histamine H1 receptor antagonist, meaning it selectively blocks histamine from attaching to these H1 receptors. By preventing this binding, loratadine interrupts the cascade of events that leads to allergic reactions, thereby reducing symptoms like itching and congestion. A key characteristic of loratadine is its limited ability to cross the blood-brain barrier, the protective layer surrounding the brain. This property is why it causes considerably less drowsiness compared to older antihistamines like diphenhydramine.
Proper Dosage and Administration
For adults and children aged 6 years and older, the dosage of loratadine is 10 milligrams (mg) once daily. Do not exceed this daily dose to avoid potential side effects. Loratadine is available in several forms, including standard tablets, orally disintegrating tablets that dissolve on the tongue, and liquid syrup formulations.
For children between 2 and 5 years of age, a lower dose of 5 mg once daily is recommended. When administering liquid formulations to children, use a medication cup, spoon, or syringe to ensure accurate dosing. The medication can be taken with or without food, and its effects last for approximately 24 hours.
Potential Side Effects and Precautions
While well-tolerated, loratadine can cause common side effects. These may include headaches, fatigue, and dry mouth. Some individuals may also experience nervousness or stomach pain. If these effects persist or become bothersome, consult a healthcare professional.
Rare but serious side effects require immediate medical attention. Signs of a serious allergic reaction include hives, a rash, severe dizziness, or swelling of the face, lips, tongue, or throat. Difficulty breathing or swallowing, or wheezing, also require prompt medical evaluation. Other serious effects include a fast or uneven heart rate.
Certain individuals should exercise caution or consult a healthcare professional before using loratadine. This includes pregnant or breastfeeding women, as effects on the fetus or infant should be discussed. Individuals with liver or kidney disease should also seek medical advice, as their dosage may need adjustment to prevent medication accumulation.