Lactobacillus johnsonii is a specific bacterium commonly found within the human body, garnering significant scientific interest. Research explores its various roles and interactions within the complex microbial communities that inhabit us.
What is Lactobacillus johnsonii?
Lactobacillus johnsonii is a lactic acid bacterium, identified in 1980, belonging to the Lactobacillus genus. It is characterized as a Gram-positive, rod-shaped microorganism. This bacterium is typically anaerobic or facultatively anaerobic, meaning it can survive with or without oxygen. Its natural habitats include the gastrointestinal tracts of humans and animals.
Several specific strains of L. johnsonii have been isolated and characterized for study. L. johnsonii is also considered generally recognized as safe (GRAS) and has been explored for its potential applications.
Where Lactobacillus johnsonii Resides and Its Functions
Lactobacillus johnsonii is frequently found in the human gastrointestinal tract, with a notable prevalence in the stomach and small intestine. It also inhabits other areas, including the oral cavity and the vagina. The abundance of this bacterium in these environments can be influenced by external factors like diet, antibiotic use, and the presence of other microbes.
Within the gut, L. johnsonii participates in nutrient metabolism, primarily through the fermentation of carbohydrates. This process yields lactic acid, contributing to the acidic environment of the gut. This acidity can influence the growth of other microorganisms, helping maintain a balanced microbial community. L. johnsonii also interacts with the gut lining, influencing the overall gut environment.
Lactobacillus johnsonii and Human Health
Research indicates various associations between Lactobacillus johnsonii and human health. Its presence is observed in healthy individuals and it has been studied for its potential in digestive well-being. Specific strains have been commercially explored and show properties related to binding to mucosal cells and influencing gut pathogens.
Studies have explored the bacterium’s role in conditions like Helicobacter pylori infection, which can lead to gastric ulcers. Some findings suggest that L. johnsonii administration may reduce H. pylori load and associated inflammation in the gastric mucosa. However, some studies have not shown a significant effect on H. pylori persistence in humans with certain L. johnsonii preparations. The bacterium’s ability to inhibit pathogens often involves secreting antimicrobial molecules, lowering pH, and competing for resources.
In the context of inflammatory bowel diseases, L. johnsonii has shown anti-inflammatory properties in some animal models. It has also been studied for its potential to improve gut barrier integrity. The bacterium’s influence on health is complex and varies depending on the specific strain and the condition being studied, with ongoing research clarifying its impacts.