Lactobacillus acidophilus is a type of probiotic, meaning it consists of live microorganisms that can offer health benefits when consumed. These beneficial bacteria help maintain a balanced internal environment within the human body.
What is Lactobacillus acidophilus?
Lactobacillus acidophilus is a species of bacteria within the Lactobacillus genus. It is a “good” or “friendly” bacterium, classified as a probiotic that supports the balance of beneficial bacteria in the body. Its natural habitat is primarily the human gastrointestinal tract, though it is also found in the oral cavity. Lactobacillus acidophilus thrives in low pH environments, typically below 5.0.
Where to Find Lactobacillus acidophilus
Lactobacillus acidophilus naturally resides in several parts of the human body, including the digestive system, mouth, and vagina. It can also be obtained through various dietary sources, particularly fermented foods. Common examples include yogurt, kefir, sauerkraut, tempeh, miso, and some cheeses.
How Lactobacillus acidophilus Supports Health
Lactobacillus acidophilus contributes to human health through several mechanisms, primarily within the digestive tract. It aids digestion by producing lactic acid, which helps break down sugars like lactose found in dairy products, making them easier to digest for individuals with lactose intolerance.
The lactic acid production also creates an acidic environment in the gut, which can inhibit the growth of harmful bacteria and promote the proliferation of beneficial microorganisms. This acidic environment is unfavorable for many pathogenic bacteria, which prefer neutral or slightly alkaline conditions.
The bacterium also supports nutrient absorption from food by contributing to a balanced gut microbiome. A healthy balance of gut microbiota is associated with improved digestion and reduced issues like bloating and gas.
Lactobacillus acidophilus modulates the immune system by increasing the production of antibodies and enhancing the activity of immune cells such as macrophages and T-lymphocytes. This immune modulation helps the body defend against infections more effectively.
Beyond gut health, Lactobacillus acidophilus may contribute to vaginal health by helping to maintain a healthy pH balance. This balance can reduce the risk of vaginal infections like bacterial vaginosis and yeast infections. Certain strains, such as NCFM, have demonstrated the ability to inhibit the adhesion of pathogens like E. coli to uroepithelial cells, which suggests a role in preventing urogenital infections.
Using Lactobacillus acidophilus Safely
Lactobacillus acidophilus is available in various forms for consumption, including dietary supplements such as capsules, tablets, powders, and liquids, as well as being added to fortified foods. When considering dosage, it is important to follow the specific instructions provided on the product label, as concentrations can vary.
For adults, doses of up to 60 billion colony-forming units (CFUs) daily for up to six months have been used, while for children, up to 30 billion CFUs daily for up to three months has been reported.
While generally considered safe for most people, some individuals may experience mild and temporary side effects. These can include gas, bloating, or abdominal discomfort, which often subside with continued use. It is important to consult a healthcare professional before incorporating Lactobacillus acidophilus, especially for individuals with weakened immune systems due to conditions like chemotherapy or HIV infection, or those with damaged heart valves. Premature infants should not be given probiotics due to the risk of serious infections.
For those taking antibiotics, it is advisable to take Lactobacillus acidophilus products at least two hours before or after antibiotic doses to avoid reducing the probiotic’s effects. Proper storage of supplements is also important to maintain the viability of the live bacteria; typically, they should be stored in a cool place, often between 2–8°C. People with allergies to milk or lactose should be aware that some products might contain these ingredients.