Lactobacillus rhamnosus is a type of probiotic bacteria. Probiotics are live microorganisms that provide health benefits when consumed, and this specific bacterium is one of the most well-researched. It is found naturally in the human body, particularly in the intestines. It contributes to the complex community of microorganisms living in the gut, known as the gut microbiota.
Role of L. Rhamnosus in the Body
A feature of Lactobacillus rhamnosus is its ability to survive transit through the acidic conditions of the stomach. Once it reaches the intestines, it can adhere to and colonize the intestinal walls. This adherence allows it to persist and exert its effects for a longer duration, which is foundational to how it functions within the body.
The primary role of L. rhamnosus is related to digestive health, as it helps maintain a healthy balance of bacteria in the gut. Studies have shown that specific strains, such as Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, can be effective in reducing the risk of diarrhea associated with antibiotic use. Since antibiotics can disrupt the natural gut flora, this probiotic can help mitigate that disruption. It has also been studied for its potential to help with other forms of diarrhea, including traveler’s diarrhea.
Beyond the digestive tract, L. rhamnosus interacts with the body’s immune system. By supporting a healthy gut environment, it helps maintain a strong immune response. Research suggests it may help lower the risk of lung infections in children who attend daycare centers.
Research has also explored the influence of L. rhamnosus on other parts of the body. Some studies indicate it may have a role in promoting skin health, with a link suggested between its consumption and improvements in acne. It is also recognized for supporting vaginal health by helping to prevent bacterial vaginosis and yeast infections.
Dietary and Supplemental Sources
Lactobacillus rhamnosus can be found in a variety of fermented foods. Dairy products are common sources, with this probiotic often added to yogurts, kefir, and cheeses. Other fermented foods that may contain it include sauerkraut, kimchi, and sourdough bread. To determine if a food product contains L. rhamnosus, it is necessary to check the product’s label. Manufacturers that add specific probiotic strains will list them in the ingredients.
Lactobacillus rhamnosus is also widely available as a dietary supplement in forms such as capsules, powders, or drops. The potency of probiotic supplements is measured in Colony-Forming Units (CFUs), which estimate the number of viable bacterial cells in a serving. CFU counts can vary significantly, often ranging from several billion to tens of billions per dose, and the appropriate dosage depends on the specific reason for use.
Potential Side Effects and Considerations
For most healthy individuals, Lactobacillus rhamnosus is considered safe and is well-tolerated. When side effects do occur, they are mild and temporary, affecting the digestive system as it adjusts to the new bacteria. The most common of these effects include bloating, gas, or constipation.
Certain populations should exercise caution and consult with a healthcare professional before taking L. rhamnosus or any probiotic. Although rare, there is a risk of infection. People who should seek medical advice include:
- Individuals with compromised immune systems, such as those with HIV/AIDS or cancer.
- People taking medications that suppress the immune system, like steroids or drugs for an organ transplant.
- Those with serious underlying illnesses or damaged heart valves, due to a rare risk of heart infection.
- Individuals who are pregnant or breastfeeding, or those considering giving probiotics to infants.