The interdental space refers to the narrow area located between adjacent teeth. This anatomical region, also known as the interproximal space, is filled by a specialized gum tissue called the interdental papilla. Understanding this space is important for good oral hygiene and overall dental health.
Understanding Interdental Space
The interdental space is situated between neighboring teeth and is supported by the interdental septum, the bone that separates the teeth. The interdental papilla, a triangular-shaped gum tissue, occupies this area, providing a tight seal protecting the underlying tooth roots and bone. The size and shape of these spaces can vary throughout the mouth; for instance, the gaps between front teeth are often smaller than those between molars.
The interdental papilla plays a role in maintaining the spacing between teeth and contributes to a pleasing smile by filling the “black triangles” that can otherwise appear between teeth.
Why Interdental Space Health Matters
Maintaining the health of interdental spaces is important for preventing oral health problems. These areas are susceptible to plaque accumulation, a sticky film of bacteria that constantly forms on tooth surfaces. If not removed, plaque can harden into tartar, which further irritates the gums and creates an environment where bacteria thrive.
Plaque and tartar accumulation in these hard-to-reach areas can lead to gum inflammation, known as gingivitis. Symptoms of gingivitis include red, swollen, and easily bleeding gums. If left unaddressed, gingivitis can progress to periodontitis, a severe form of gum disease that damages the bone and connective tissues supporting the teeth, potentially leading to tooth loosening and loss. Neglecting interdental cleaning also increases the risk of interproximal cavities, which is tooth decay that forms between teeth where a toothbrush cannot effectively reach.
Keeping Interdental Spaces Clean
Effectively cleaning interdental spaces requires more than just regular brushing. Dental floss is a common tool for removing plaque and food debris from between teeth and beneath the gum line.
- Take about 18 inches of floss and wrap most of it around your middle fingers.
- Hold a small section taut between your thumbs and index fingers.
- Gently slide the floss between teeth using a rubbing motion.
- Curve it into a C-shape against one tooth.
- Move it up and down to clean the surface, repeating for each tooth with a clean section of floss.
Interdental brushes are another effective tool, especially for individuals with larger gaps between their teeth, braces, or dental work. These small brushes come in various sizes, and choosing the correct size that fits snugly without forcing it is important for effective cleaning and to prevent gum damage. Gently insert the brush into the space and move it back and forth a few times to remove plaque and debris.
Water flossers, also known as oral irrigators, use a pulsating stream of water to clean between teeth and along the gumline. While they can effectively reduce plaque and improve gum health, especially for those with braces, implants, or bridges, they supplement rather than replace traditional flossing. Control the water pressure to a low or medium setting to avoid gum irritation.
Addressing Common Interdental Issues
Food impaction, where food particles become trapped between teeth or along the gum line, is a common issue leading to discomfort, gum irritation, and inflammation. This often occurs with fibrous or sticky foods, promoting bacterial growth and increasing the risk of tooth decay and gum disease.
Localized gum inflammation can manifest as redness, swelling, and bleeding, often a sign of gingivitis. Interproximal cavities, forming between teeth, are challenging to detect early due to their hidden location and can progress rapidly if left untreated. They often result from inadequate cleaning in these areas.
Structural issues like diastema (gaps between teeth) and crowding also affect interdental spaces and oral hygiene. Diastema can trap food particles, increasing susceptibility to decay and gum disease. Crowded teeth create tight, difficult-to-clean areas, leading to plaque buildup and an increased risk of cavities and gum inflammation. Professional dental intervention, such as fillings, orthodontic evaluation for alignment issues, or professional cleanings, may be necessary to address these concerns and maintain oral health.