Human Epidermal Growth Factor (hEGF) is a naturally occurring protein found within the human body. It is classified as a growth factor, a group of substances that regulate cell growth, division, and differentiation. Its presence influences various cellular behaviors, playing a fundamental role in maintaining tissue health and function. The gene responsible for producing hEGF is located on the long arm of chromosome 4 in humans.
Biological Functions
Human epidermal growth factor plays diverse roles in the body, including cell growth, proliferation, differentiation, and survival. It stimulates the growth of epidermal and epithelial cells, promoting skin tissue development.
hEGF also plays a role in tissue repair and regeneration, particularly in wound healing and maintaining skin integrity. It increases collagen and cellular DNA content in wounds, promoting their healing. The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a protein on the cell surface to which hEGF binds. This binding initiates changes within the cell, leading to DNA synthesis and cell proliferation.
Medical Uses
Recombinant human epidermal growth factor (rhEGF) is used to promote healing for various conditions, including diabetic foot ulcers, burns, and other chronic wounds. It can be administered by injection directly into the wound site or applied topically to enhance healing rates and potentially reduce the need for amputation in cases like diabetic foot ulcers.
hEGF also aids in the healing of surgical wounds and pressure sores by promoting new tissue formation and blood vessel growth. Beyond wound care, its significance extends to cancer research and treatment, where the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a target in certain types of cancer. For instance, EGFR inhibitors are used in treating non-small cell lung cancer and colorectal cancer to disrupt the signaling pathways that promote cancer cell growth.
Cosmetic Applications
Human epidermal growth factor has been incorporated into skincare and aesthetic products due to its purported benefits for skin health. It is believed to promote the production of collagen and elastin, proteins that provide firmness and elasticity to the skin. This can lead to improved skin texture, a reduction in the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, and enhanced overall skin vitality.
hEGF is typically formulated in cosmetic products such as serums and creams for topical application. The science behind its use in anti-aging and skin rejuvenation involves its ability to bind to epidermal growth factor receptors on skin cells. This binding triggers cellular regeneration and repair processes, stimulating cell proliferation and collagen synthesis, which contributes to a smoother, more youthful complexion.