Enamel microabrasion is a minimally invasive cosmetic dental procedure that removes a very thin outer layer of enamel to eliminate specific discolorations. This technique combines mechanical and chemical actions to achieve a brighter, more uniform smile, offering a conservative approach to superficial imperfections.
Conditions Treated by Microabrasion
Enamel microabrasion effectively treats superficial stains on the tooth’s outermost layer. These include white spots from enamel decalcification, often seen after orthodontic brace removal, and brown spots from mild to moderate dental fluorosis, caused by excessive fluoride exposure during tooth development.
It also addresses other surface stains or defects from developmental issues or minor enamel trauma. Microabrasion does not resolve deeper intrinsic stains, such as those from certain medications like tetracycline or inner tooth trauma. The technique targets discolorations less than 0.2mm deep, revealing underlying unstained enamel.
The Microabrasion Procedure
The microabrasion procedure begins with isolating the target tooth or teeth using a rubber dam. This barrier protects surrounding gums and soft tissues from abrasive materials and ensures the treatment area remains dry. This careful preparation ensures patient comfort and treatment precision.
A specialized abrasive slurry is then applied to the tooth surface. This paste consists of a mild acid, such as hydrochloric acid, combined with an abrasive agent like pumice or silicon carbide microparticles. The dentist uses a mechanical rotating device to gently polish this paste onto the discolored enamel, combining chemical dissolving with mechanical scrubbing.
The paste is worked on the tooth surface for short intervals with light to medium pressure. The process is painless and does not require local anesthesia. After the desired effect, the paste is thoroughly suctioned and rinsed from the teeth, leaving the enamel smooth and lustrous.
Ideal Candidates for Treatment
Individuals with stains confined to the outermost layer of the enamel are suitable candidates for microabrasion. Patients should possess sufficient enamel thickness to ensure the procedure can be safely performed without compromising tooth structure.
Good overall oral hygiene is also a favorable characteristic for candidates. Conversely, individuals with very deep internal stains, active tooth decay, or pre-existing tooth sensitivity may not be appropriate candidates.
Post-Procedure Care and Expectations
Following an enamel microabrasion procedure, temporary tooth sensitivity may occur, which subsides within a few days. To support the treated enamel, a neutral fluoride gel or a remineralizing cream might be applied immediately after the procedure. This helps to strengthen the newly exposed enamel surface.
Patients are advised to avoid consuming staining foods and drinks, such as coffee, tea, red wine, or dark berries, for at least a few days post-procedure. Maintaining diligent oral hygiene, including regular brushing and flossing, is important to preserve the results. The outcomes are permanent for removed stains, though new surface stains can still acquire over time.